ATI LPN
Cardiovascular NCLEX Questions with Rationale Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency is warned by his physician that his increasing dyspnea may be worsened by his continued cigarette smoking. Which of the following factors, released by both neutrophils and alveolar macrophages, is responsible for the patient's condition?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Elastase, unchecked due to alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, destroys alveolar walls, worsened by smoking, causing emphysema and dyspnea.
Question 2 of 5
What is the nurse's priority action for a client prescribed propranolol for atrial fibrillation but has a history of asthma?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker that can exacerbate asthma by causing bronchoconstriction.
Question 3 of 5
What finding suggests digoxin toxicity?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nausea, vomiting, and visual disturbances are classic signs of digoxin toxicity.
Question 4 of 5
The blood is pumped to the lungs from the heart through the:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation.
Question 5 of 5
A healthy but obese 55 year old African-American male has a fasting glucose of 150 mg/dl and an A1c of 7% at his yearly office visit. He is told he has type 2 diabetes mellitus. He is given a referral to see the dietitian and start diabetes education classes. Liver and kidney function tests are normal. He is given a prescription for a glucose monitor. The best next step is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metformin is the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes due to its efficacy and low risk of hypoglycemia.