A patient with a history of PUD is admitted with symptoms of shock after experiencing hematemesis. What is the most important nursing intervention?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administering blood products as prescribed. In a patient with shock due to hematemesis from a history of PUD, the priority is to address the acute blood loss to stabilize the patient's condition. Administering blood products helps restore blood volume and oxygen-carrying capacity, which are crucial in shock management. Monitoring urine output (B) is important but secondary to addressing the acute blood loss. Assessing pain level (C) is important but not the priority in a patient in shock. Preparing for emergency surgery (D) may be needed but is not the immediate priority in this situation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because avoiding spicy foods and caffeinated beverages helps reduce irritation to the stomach lining in chronic gastritis. Spicy foods can exacerbate inflammation, while caffeine can increase stomach acid production. These dietary modifications are essential for managing symptoms. Option B is incorrect because alcohol can irritate the stomach lining and worsen gastritis. Option C is incorrect as increasing dairy intake may not be necessary and could potentially aggravate symptoms in some individuals. Option D is incorrect as eating small, frequent meals is actually recommended for managing chronic gastritis to prevent excessive stomach acid production.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bromocriptine. Bromocriptine is a dopamine agonist used in Parkinson's disease treatment. Drug overdosage can lead to pronounced gastrointestinal side-effects due to its action on dopamine receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. Co-beneldopa (B) is a combination drug of levodopa and carbidopa, primarily affecting the central nervous system, not causing significant gastrointestinal issues. Amantadine (C) is an antiviral and anti-Parkinson agent with minimal gastrointestinal side effects. Selegeline (D) is a monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor, typically causing side effects like insomnia and dizziness rather than pronounced gastrointestinal issues.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: A-large, B-amino acids, C-simple sugars. Rationale: 1. Organic compounds like proteins and starches are too large to diffuse into cells, which is why the word "large" fits in blank A. 2. Proteins are digested into amino acids, so "amino acids" is the appropriate choice for blank B. 3. Starches are digested into simple sugars, making "simple sugars" the correct word for blank C. Summary: - Option A is incorrect because proteins are digested into amino acids, not simple sugars. - Option B is incorrect because it does not account for the specific digestion products of proteins and starches. - Option D is incorrect because starches are digested into simple sugars, not amino acids.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Correct Answer: D Rationale: 1. Digestion begins in the mouth with mechanical and chemical breakdown of food by chewing and saliva. 2. Chewing helps break down food into smaller pieces, increasing surface area for enzymes to act upon. 3. Saliva contains enzymes that start breaking down starches into sugars. 4. Chewing mixes food with saliva, aiding in the initial digestion process. 5. The statement that "digestive juices can react more easily with the food when chewed" is incorrect. Digestive juices act after food passes through the mouth and into the stomach and intestines, not in the mouth.