ATI LPN
Test Questions Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with a diagnosis of respiratory acidosis is experiencing renal compensation. What function does the kidney perform to assist in restoring acid-base balance?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Kidneys compensate for acidosis by reabsorbing bicarbonate (B) into circulation, buffering pH. They excrete acid, not sequester H+ (A), return acid (C), or excrete bicarbonate (D), making B the function.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for acutely ill patient. What assessment finding should prompt the nurse to inform the physician that the patient may be exhibiting signs of acute kidney injury (AKI)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oliguria (<500 mL/d of urine) is the most common clinical situation seen in AKI. Flank pain and inability to initiate voiding are not characteristic of AKI. Cloudy, foul-smelling urine is suggestive of a urinary tract infection.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is providing a health education workshop to a group of adults focusing on cancer prevention. The nurse should emphasize what action in order to reduce participants risks of renal carcinoma?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tobacco use is a significant risk factor for renal cancer, surpassing the significance of high alcohol and sodium intake. Immunizations do not address an individuals risk of renal cancer.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse reinforces teaching for a patient with chronic kidney disease. Which statement indicates the need for further teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Protein restriction must be balanced; complete avoidance is harmful.
Question 5 of 5
The process of micturition or urination:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Micturition is a sacral reflex (S2-S4) (C), contracting the detrusor (not relaxing, A) and relaxing sphincters. The external sphincter relaxes, not contracts (B), during voiding, making C the correct process description.