Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is the laboratory test that should be monitored to evaluate the effectiveness of heparin therapy in patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Heparin affects the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade, which is reflected by changes in the PTT. Monitoring the PTT helps ensure that the patient's blood is within the desired therapeutic range and prevents complications related to clotting or bleeding.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Sevelamer (RenaGel) binds with phosphorus in foods to prevent its absorption, which is why it should be taken with meals. By taking RenaGel with meals, it can effectively bind with phosphorus from food, reducing the amount of phosphorus absorbed by the body, thus helping to manage hyperphosphatemia in clients with ESRD.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Right upper quadrant pain is a hallmark symptom of cholecystitis, indicating inflammation of the gallbladder. The gallbladder is typically located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, so pain in this area is characteristic of cholecystitis. This pain may be sharp or cramp-like and can be accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and fever.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Patients prescribed methotrexate should be advised to take folic acid supplements as prescribed. Methotrexate can deplete folic acid levels, leading to side effects. By taking folic acid supplements as directed, the patient can reduce the risk of experiencing adverse effects associated with methotrexate therapy. It is important to note that the effects of methotrexate may not be immediate, so realistic expectations should be set with the patient. Alcohol should be avoided while taking methotrexate due to potential interactions and increased risk of liver toxicity. There is no specific recommendation to limit fluid intake to 1 liter per day in relation to methotrexate therapy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Patients on warfarin should avoid foods high in vitamin K because vitamin K can interfere with the anticoagulant effect of the medication. Warfarin works by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, so consuming large amounts of vitamin K-rich foods may decrease the effectiveness of the medication.