ATI LPN
Multiple Choice Questions Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient who received spinal anesthesia four hours ago during surgery is transferred to the surgical unit and, after 90 minutes, now reports severe incisional pain. The patient's blood pressure is 170/90 mmHg, pulse is 108 beats/min, temperature is 99°F (37.2°C), and respirations are 30 breaths/min. The patient's skin is pale, and the surgical dressing is dry and intact. The most appropriate nursing intervention is to:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Severe pain, elevated BP (170/90 mmHg), tachycardia (108 beats/min), tachypnea (30 breaths/min), and pallor suggest a significant issue (e.g., bleeding, shock) post-spinal anesthesia, despite a dry dressing. Reporting to the provider (D) is the priority to ensure rapid assessment and intervention, as this exceeds nursing scope for immediate action like medication (A) or positioning/oxygen (B, C) without orders, making D the most appropriate step.
Question 2 of 5
Concerning renal ontogeny:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Renal ontogeny involves three stages: the pronephros (A), a rudimentary embryonic kidney in all vertebrates; the mesonephros (B), a functional interim kidney in mammals; and the metanephros, the permanent kidney with a developed loop of Henle (C), unlike the mesonephros. All statements are true—pronephros is transitory, mesonephros functions then regresses, and the loop of Henle distinguishes the metanephros—making E (all are correct), reassigned as D, the answer.
Question 3 of 5
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) reduces sodium reabsorption (B) in the collecting duct, promoting natriuresis to lower volume. It doesn't increase water (A), form AII (C), or increase sodium (D), making B the correct effect.
Question 4 of 5
Match the description 'Active transport of sodium; impermeable to water' to the structure: A) proximal convoluted tubule, B) descending limb of the nephron loop, C) collecting duct, D) ascending limb of the nephron loop.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The ascending limb (D) actively transports sodium via Na/K/2Cl pumps and is impermeable to water, diluting filtrate. The proximal tubule (A) reabsorbs water, descending limb (B) is water-permeable, and collecting duct (C) varies with ADH, making D the match.
Question 5 of 5
The term cystitis refers to an infection of the urinary bladder
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cystitis is inflammation of the bladder, typically from bacterial infection (A), a true medical term. False (B) would mischaracterize this common urinary condition, making A correct.