ATI LPN
Urinary and Renal System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient who is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome has 3+ ankle and leg edema and ascites. Which nursing diagnosis is a priority for the patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Massive edema and ascites (A) from hypoalbuminemia in nephrotic syndrome make excess fluid volume the priority, posing risks like respiratory distress. Activity (B), body image (C), and nutrition (D) are relevant, but fluid overload is most urgent, making A the focus.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is reviewing the patient's history and physical report. What is the term used to describe waste products building up in the blood?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Uremia (D) describes waste buildup (e.g., BUN, creatinine) in blood from kidney dysfunction. Nitrosemia (A) and proteinemia (B) are not terms, and septicemia (C) is infection-related, making D the correct term.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is collecting data for a patient who has suspected kidney disease. A high specific gravity of urine is associated with which of the following?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: High specific gravity occurs with dehydration (A), diabetes mellitus (C), heart failure (E), and nephrosis (F), but A is a primary cause. Diabetes insipidus (B) lowers SG, and excess fluid (D) dilutes it, making A a key association.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is reinforcing teaching on risk factors for prerenal injury. Which of these if stated by a patient indicates correct understanding?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prerenal injury causes include NSAIDs and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors which impair autoregulatory responses of the kidney.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is reinforcing teaching for a patient with a history of calcium oxalate kidney stones. The nurse recognizes that teaching has been effective if the patient avoids which of the following foods?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A low oxalate diet restricts foods such as spinach cocoa and instant coffee.