ATI LPN
NCLEX Questions Urinary System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient who has had a transurethral resection with fulguration for bladder cancer 3 days previously calls the nurse at the urology clinic. Which information given by the patient is most important to report to the health care provider?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Urine clots (B) post-procedure suggest bleeding, requiring urgent provider attention. Opioids (A), anxiety (C), and nocturia (D) are expected, but clots indicate a complication, making B most critical.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who has kidney disease and an acid-base imbalance. In what way do the kidneys help maintain acid-base balance in the body?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Kidneys regulate acid-base balance by conserving or excreting bicarbonate ions (A) to buffer blood pH. Potassium (B) affects electrolytes, CO2 excretion (C) is pulmonary, and protein retention (D) is unrelated, making A the key mechanism.
Question 3 of 5
Which of these, if stated by a patient, indicates to the nurse correct understanding of how to obtain a midstream urine specimen for culture and sensitivity for a female patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Keeping labia separated (B) and cleaning with towelettes (E) prevent contamination, but B is a clear single indicator. Second void (A), immediate collection (C), and 24-hour (D) are incorrect, making B a correct understanding.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is collecting data for a patient who has returned from a dialysis session. After dialysis the nurse anticipates which of these patient findings?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Based on the fluid pulled off during dialysis weight will be lost.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient suspected of having renal dysfunction. When reviewing laboratory results for this patient, the nurse interprets the presence of which substances in the urine as most suggestive of pathology?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glucose and protein (C) in urine suggest pathology (e.g., diabetes, glomerular damage), as they're normally reabsorbed. Potassium/sodium (A), bicarbonate/urea (B), and creatinine/chloride (D) are typically present, making C the most abnormal finding.