A patient suffering from diabetes mellitus often develops a condition called ketoacidosis (an acidosis caused by an accumulation of acidic ketone bodies in the plasma). A patient in this situation will tend to hyperventilate in order to compensate for the acidosis. Explain why hyperventilation might help this situation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hyperventilation reduces CO₂ lowering carbonic acid and raising pH to correct ketoacidosis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Clients at high risk for aspiration, such as those with decreased consciousness, require a swallowing examination to ensure safe oral feeding. A chest x-ray is not mandatory unless chest trauma is suspected, a nasogastric tube is premature without swallowing assessment, and olfactory nerve testing assesses smell, not swallowing safety.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Reduced physical activity can lead to a decrease in appetite among the elderly, making it harder for them to consume adequate nutrition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: At least half of the grains consumed should be whole grains, according to MyPlate guidelines.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Thickened liquids are often required for those with swallowing difficulties, such as dysphagia, to prevent aspiration.