ATI LPN
ATI The Medical Surgical Endocrine Test Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient spontaneously develops manifestations of hypoparathyroidism. The nurse correlates which data from the patient's history as the cause for this health problem?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Autoimmune disease is suspected in patients with spontaneous presentation of hypoparathyroidism with no identifiable cause. In these cases, antiparathyroid antibodies have been detected in patients with other autoimmune disorders such as diabetes mellitus.
Question 2 of 5
End-stage Kidney failure is characterised by
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: End-stage renal failure is defined by eGFR <15, often requiring dialysis, indicating severe filtration loss.
Question 3 of 5
A 38-year-old woman has been feeling lethargic for 4 months. On physical examination, she is afebrile, and her blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg. Laboratory findings show the serum creatinine level is 5.8 mg/dL. C3 nephritic factor is present in serum, resulting in hypocomplementemia, and the ANA test result is negative. Urinalysis shows 2+ blood and 1+ protein. A renal biopsy is done; microscopic examination shows hypercellular glomeruli and prominent ribbonlike deposits along the lamina densa of the glomerular basement membrane. Which of the following forms of glomerulonephritis is most likely to be present in this patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dense deposit disease (formerly membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II) usually leads to hematuria, and half of cases end in chronic renal failure. The term chronic glomerulonephritis (GN) often is used when sclerosis of many glomeruli is present with no clear cause. Membranous nephropathy is often accompanied by proteinuria but less likely hematuria, and is characterized by thickening of only the basement membrane and small electron-dense deposits. Postinfectious GN is often characterized by a hypercellular glomerulus with infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but no basement membrane thickening. A rapidly progressive GN is marked by crescents forming in the Bowman space.
Question 4 of 5
A 32-year-old man developed a fever and rash over 3 days. Five days later, he has increasing malaise. On physical examination, the maculopapular erythematous rash on his trunk has nearly faded away. His temperature is 37.1°C, and blood pressure is 135/85 mm Hg. Laboratory studies show a serum creatinine level of 2.8 mg/dL and blood urea nitrogen level of 29 mg/dL. Urinalysis shows 2+ proteinuria; 1+ hematuria; and no glucose, ketones, or nitrite. The leukocyte esterase result is positive. What is the most likely cause of these findings?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The truncated question implies a continuation related to hypercalcemia, as seen in subsequent options. The clinical picture of fever, rash, and renal impairment followed by hypercalcemia (assumed from context) suggests a parathyroid adenoma (D), causing primary hyperparathyroidism. This leads to elevated serum calcium, renal dysfunction, and systemic symptoms. Chronic renal failure (A) typically shows hypocalcemia, not hypercalcemia. Hypervitaminosis D (B) increases calcium but suppresses PTH, unlike adenoma. Medullary thyroid carcinoma (C) affects calcitonin, not typically causing hypercalcemia. Parathyroid hyperplasia (E) is less common and involves all glands, not a single adenoma.
Question 5 of 5
A 52-year-old man has been concerned about a gradual weight gain over the past 30 years. He is 174 cm (5 feet 7 inches) tall and weighs 91 kg (body mass index 30). He is taking no medications. On physical examination, he has decreased sensation to pinprick and light touch over the lower extremities. Patellar reflexes are reduced. Motor strength seems to be normal in all extremities. Laboratory studies show blood glucose of 169 mg/dL, creatinine of 1.9 mg/dL, total cholesterol of 220 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol of 27 mg/dL, and triglycerides of 261 mg/dL. A chest radiograph shows mild cardiomegaly. Five years later, he has claudication in the lower extremities when he exercises. Based on these findings, which of the following complications is most likely to occur in this man?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Severe peripheral atherosclerotic disease is a common complication of long-standing diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerotic narrowing of the arteries to the lower legs can cause ischemia and gangrene. The foot is often involved with gangrene, which may necessitate amputation. Diabetic neuropathy with decreased sensation increases the risk of repeated trauma, which enhances the risk of ulcerations that cause infection and inflammation that promotes gangrene.