ATI LPN
Urinary System Multiple Choice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient's family does not know the patient's end-of-life care preferences, but assumes that they know what is best for the patient under the circumstances. This assumption reflects:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Paternalism (B) occurs when others (e.g., family) assume decision-making authority, believing they know best, overriding patient autonomy. Justice (A) involves fairness, pragmatism (C) practicality, and veracity (D) truthfulness, none of which fit this assumption of control without patient input, making B correct.
Question 2 of 5
Concerning water reabsorption by the proximal tubule:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Solute uptake and oncotic pressure drive water reabsorption (A), Na/H antiports facilitate sodium and water movement (B), and aquaporin-1 enables water flow (C). All are true—solutes and pressure pull water, Na/H links sodium to water, and aquaporins allow passage—making E (all are correct), reassigned as D, correct.
Question 3 of 5
A patient ingests antifreeze and needs to eliminate the ingested acid. Renal elimination of the protons in this excess acid is primarily accomplished by which of the following mechanisms.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antifreeze (ethylene glycol) causes metabolic acidosis. Kidneys primarily excrete excess H⺠via ammonium (NHâ‚„âº) excretion (A), buffering and eliminating acid in urine. Phosphates (B) help, hyperventilation (C) is respiratory, and free H⺠(D) is minimal, making A the main mechanism.
Question 4 of 5
What type of epithelium forms the lining of the urinary bladder? A) stratified squamous, B) transitional, C) simple ciliated columnar, D) simple cuboidal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The urinary bladder is lined with transitional epithelium (B), allowing stretch during filling. Stratified squamous (A) is in skin, ciliated columnar (C) in airways, and cuboidal (D) in tubules, making B the correct lining.
Question 5 of 5
While the kidneys process about 180 L of blood-derived fluids per day, the amount that actually leaves the body is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Kidneys filter 180 L/day, but ~99% is reabsorbed, leaving ~1-2 L (1%, 1.8 L) (D) as urine. 90 L (A), 180 L (B), and 18 L (C) overestimate output, making D the accurate amount.