A patient's chart is what type of data source?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A patient's chart is secondary compiled by others (e.g., past notes), not directly from the patient (primary). Tertiary (textbooks) or mixed don't fit. Charts offer history e.g., prior vitals crucial for continuity, per nursing documentation standards.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Parallax error misaligns eye level with meniscus e.g., higher eyes read lower (false low), lower read higher. Eye-level accuracy is key. Nurses position e.g., meniscus height for true BP, per precision.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Parkinson's tremors e.g., shaky hands hinder urine collection, unlike arthritis (joints), CHF (heart), DM (sugar). Nurses assist e.g., cup holding for accuracy, per mobility issues.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The pancreas secretes insulin, glucagon, somatostatin e.g., sugar control unlike cortisol (adrenals). Nurses know e.g., diabetes for roles, per physiology.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Evidence-based care revolutionizes nursing by grounding decisions in the best available evidence, paired with the use of outcome studies to guide practice. This approach integrates research findings such as clinical trials or systematic reviews with patient outcomes, ensuring interventions are effective and measurable, not just theoretical. Specialty knowledge, while useful, is narrower and expert-driven, lacking the broad research base of evidence-based practice. The traditional medical model relies on established routines, often without current validation, while economic concerns prioritize cost over efficacy, neither aligning with this method's focus. Outcome studies provide concrete data, like reduced recovery times or lower infection rates, allowing nurses to adapt care dynamically. This shift enhances quality, safety, and patient-centeredness, moving nursing beyond intuition or tradition to a scientifically robust framework that improves health delivery across diverse settings.