A patient returns to the clinic with recurrent dysuria after being treated with trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) for 3 days. Which action will the nurse plan to take?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Persistent dysuria after 3 days of Bactrim suggests treatment failure, requiring a urine culture and sensitivity (B) to identify the pathogen and adjust antibiotics. Fluid intake should be higher (1800 mL/day, not 1000 mL, A), extending Bactrim (C) assumes efficacy, and Tylenol (D) is less effective than urinary analgesics like Pyridium, making B the priority action.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Exposure to the chemicals involved with working as a hair stylist and in smoking both increase the risk of bladder cancer, and the nurse should assess whether the patient understands this risk. The patient is not at increased risk for renal failure, pyclonephritis, or kidney stones.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The glomerulus (A) is the capillary network in the nephron, filtering blood from the afferent arteriole into the efferent arteriole. Corpuscles (B) is a broader term, renal tubules (C) reabsorb and secrete, and Bowman's capsule (D) encases the glomerulus, making A the precise answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Protein (B) in urine (proteinuria) is abnormal, signaling glomerular damage. Urea (A), water (C), and ammonia (D) are normal components, though RBCs (E in original) are also abnormal; B is the best single answer here.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Secretion of erythropoietin by the diseased kidney is reduced.