ATI LPN
Perioperative Care Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient presents to the ED stating she was in a boating accident about 3 hours ago. Now the patient has complaints of headache, fatigue, and the feeling that he just cant breathe enough. The nurse notes that the patient is restless and tachycardic with an elevated blood pressure. This patient may be in the early stages of what respiratory problem?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Early acute respiratory failure (ARF) manifests with nonspecific signs of impaired oxygenation restlessness, fatigue, headache, dyspnea (feeling of insufficient breathing), tachycardia, and hypertension reflecting the body's compensatory response to hypoxia or hypercapnia post-trauma like a boating accident. These symptoms align with ARF's progression from subtle distress to overt failure, potentially from chest trauma or submersion injury affecting lung function. Pneumoconiosis, a chronic condition from dust exposure, doesn't fit an acute post-accident onset. Pleural effusion causes dyspnea but typically with pleuritic pain or reduced breath sounds, not this full symptom cluster. Pneumonia, infectious in nature, develops over days, not hours, and lacks trauma linkage here. The nurse's recognition of ARF prompts urgent oxygenation assessment (e.g., pulse oximetry) and intervention, vital given its rapid deterioration potential in trauma settings.
Question 2 of 5
A nursing is planning the care of a patient with emphysema who will soon be discharged. What teaching should the nurse prioritize in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For an emphysema patient nearing discharge, setting realistic short-term and long-range goals is the priority teaching, fostering adaptation to this incurable, progressive disease. Goals like pacing activities to manage dyspnea or mastering pursed-lip breathing align with emphysema's chronic hyperinflation and airflow limitation, enhancing quality of life despite irreversible alveolar damage. Prophylactic antibiotics aren't standard; they treat infections, not preventing emphysema progression. Adherence to treatment (e.g., bronchodilators) manages symptoms but doesn't cure emphasizing cure misleads the patient. Avoiding crowded places reduces infection risk but isn't universally required unless immunocompromised. The nurse's focus on goal-setting specific, achievable targets builds self-efficacy, preparing the patient for home management and realistic expectations, per COPD care standards.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is developing a teaching plan for a patient with COPD. What should the nurse include as the most important area of teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most important teaching area for a COPD patient is setting and accepting realistic short- and long-range goals, addressing the disease's progressive, incurable nature. Short-term goals (e.g., walking 10 minutes daily) and long-range goals (e.g., maintaining independence) adapt to declining lung function (e.g., low FEV1), reducing frustration and enhancing self-efficacy. Avoiding temperature extremes helps comfort but doesn't alter disease course. Moderate activity is beneficial but secondary overexertion risks dyspnea without goal-setting's framework. Avoiding stress aids coping but isn't the core focus; emotional triggers don't drive COPD pathology. The nurse's emphasis on realistic goals specific, measurable guides patients to pace activities and accept limitations, aligning with chronic disease management principles for sustained quality of life.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient in preadmission testing. The patient has been assigned a physical status classification by the American Society of Anesthesiologists of P3. Which of the following assessments would support this classification?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A P3 classification indicates severe systemic disease per the American Society of Anesthesiologists, supported by a history of hypertension, significant obesity (80 pounds overweight), and asthma. These conditions impair multiple systems cardiovascular strain from hypertension, respiratory compromise from asthma, and obesity-related surgical risks fitting P3's criteria of severe but not immediately life-threatening disease. Denial of major illnesses or a normal, healthy status aligns with P1, a healthy patient. Mild systemic disease, like controlled hypertension alone, fits P2. A myocardial infarction limiting activity, a constant threat to life, denotes P4. The nurse's assessment confirms P3 by identifying these chronic, severe conditions, ensuring anesthesia and surgical plans account for heightened risks like respiratory distress or poor wound healing.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse and the nursing assistant are assisting a postoperative patient to turn in the bed. To assist in minimizing discomfort, which instruction should the nurse provide to the patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Instructing the patient to place a hand over the incision splints it during turning, reducing discomfort by supporting the surgical site against muscle pull or suture strain. This self-directed support minimizes pain and risk of dehiscence, common with movement post-surgery. Closing eyes or holding breath offers no mechanical relief, focusing on distraction or tension, not support. Holding the nurse's shoulders shifts effort away from incision protection. The nurse's guidance ensures the patient actively mitigates discomfort, enhancing safety and comfort during repositioning, a key postoperative mobility intervention.