A patient presented to you in your clinic with chest pain and fatigue, after doing blood culture and taking a biopsy, the results indicate that the patient has myocarditis caused by gram-positive bacilli. Which of the following is the most common cause?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a gram-positive bacillus, is a common cause of myocarditis via toxin production.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Uncontrolled hypertension is a major risk factor for heart failure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Ramipril, an ACE inhibitor, is contraindicated in pregnancy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cardiac output is the volume of blood ejected by each ventricle per minute and is calculated as stroke volume multiplied by heart rate.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: c-ANCA (anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) is highly specific for Wegener's granulomatosis (granulomatosis with polyangiitis), aiding in diagnosis of this vasculitis.