ATI LPN
Medical Surgical Endocrine ATI Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient is recovering from a thyroidectomy. Which observation needs to be reported immediately to the healthcare provider?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Assessing for damage to the laryngeal nerve is a priority in the postoperative period after thyroidectomy. Changes in voice quality, particularly hoarseness or a husky tone, may be indicative of laryngeal nerve damage.
Question 2 of 5
What are the signs of hypoglycaemia?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypoglycemia causes neurogenic symptoms like dizziness, sweating, and confusion due to low glucose availability to the brain.
Question 3 of 5
A 7-year-old boy has become less active over the past 10 days. On physical examination, the boy has facial puffiness. Urinalysis shows no blood, glucose, or ketones, and microscopic examination shows no casts or crystals. The serum creatinine level is normal. A 24-hour urine collection yields 3.8 g of protein. He improves after corticosteroid therapy. He has two more episodes of proteinuria over the next 4 years, both of which respond to corticosteroid therapy. What is the most likely mechanism causing his disease?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Steroid-responsive proteinuria in a child is typical of minimal change disease, in which the kidney looks normal by light microscopy, but fusion of foot processes is visible with electron microscopy. The most likely cause of foot process fusion is a primary injury to visceral epithelial cells caused by T cell-derived cytokines. Acute cellular renal transplant rejection is mediated by T cell injury with tubulitis. IgA nephropathy with mesangial IgA deposition and consequent glomerular injury causes recurrent gross or microscopic hematuria and, far less commonly, nephrotic syndrome. Immune complex deposition in membranous nephropathy can cause nephrotic syndrome, but is less common in children than in adults and is not steroid responsive. Certain verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli strains can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome by injury to capillary endothelium.
Question 4 of 5
A 19-year-old woman has had a fever and chills accompanied by right flank pain for the past 3 days. She has had two similar episodes during the past year. On physical examination, her temperature is 38.3°C, her blood pressure is 152/94 mm Hg, and there is right costovertebral angle tenderness. Laboratory findings show a serum glucose level of 77 mg/dL and creatinine level of 1 mg/dL. Urinalysis shows a pH of 6.5; specific gravity, 1.018; and no protein, blood, glucose, or ketones. Microscopic examination of the urine shows many WBCs and WBC casts. Which of the following is the most useful test to obtain on this patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In younger persons presenting with recurrent acute pyelonephritis, a search for acquired or congenital conditions producing obstruction or reflux is extremely important. Culture helps identify organisms resistant to antibiotic therapy. The pathogenesis of ascending urinary tract infections involves bacteria ascending from the urinary bladder into the ureter and the pelvis. Urinary tract infections generally are more common in females because of their shorter urethra, but in the absence of abnormalities of the urinary tract, the infections tend to remain localized in the urinary bladder.
Question 5 of 5
An infant is born following premature delivery. Multiple external congenital anomalies are noted. The infant exhibits a seizure soon after birth. The blood glucose is 19 mg/dL. Which of the following maternal diseases is the most likely cause for the observed findings in this infant?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The findings are complications of diabetes with pregnancy, and the malformations suggest that hyperglycemia preceded the pregnancy, and type 2 diabetes is quite common, even now in women of childbearing age. The neonatal hypoglycemia is a consequence of excessive islet beta-cell function from having been in a hyperglycemic environment.