ATI LPN
Perioperative Care Questions Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient is having pulmonary-function studies performed. The patient performs a spirometry test, revealing an FEV1/FVC ratio of 60%. How should the nurse interpret this assessment finding?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An FEV1/FVC ratio of 60% below the normal threshold of 70% indicates obstructive lung disease on spirometry, reflecting reduced airflow from narrowed airways, as in COPD or asthma. FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) measures air expelled quickly, while FVC (forced vital capacity) is total air exhaled; a low ratio shows expiration is disproportionately impaired, typical of obstruction. Strong exercise tolerance contradicts this, requiring unimpeded airflow. Exhalation volume isn't ‘normal' the ratio signals restriction in speed, not capacity alone. Respiratory infection may worsen obstruction but isn't diagnosed by spirometry alone. The nurse's interpretation guides further assessment (e.g., bronchodilator response) and management (e.g., inhalers), aligning with pulmonary function standards for diagnosing obstructive pathology.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient in the postanesthesia care unit who has undergone a left total knee arthroplasty. The anesthesia provider has indicated that the patient received a left femoral peripheral nerve block. Which assessment would be an expected finding for a patient with this type of regional block?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A left femoral peripheral nerve block, used in knee arthroplasty, targets the femoral nerve, numbing the anterior thigh, knee, and medial leg, so decreased sensation in the left leg is an expected finding. This regional anesthesia blocks sensory pathways, reducing postoperative pain in the targeted area without affecting systemic consciousness. Decreased pulse, cool toes, or cyanosis suggest vascular compromise, not nerve block effects, and would indicate complications like arterial injury. Pain in the left foot contradicts the block's purpose effective anesthesia should prevent this unless it's wearing off or incomplete. The nurse's assessment confirms the block's efficacy, ensuring pain control and monitoring for unintended motor or circulatory issues, per regional anesthesia standards.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse and the nursing assistant are caring for a group of postoperative patients who need turning, coughing, deep breathing, incentive spirometer, and leg exercises. The nurse directs the nursing assistant to
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse delegates to the nursing assistant to inform if patients are unwilling to perform exercises, leveraging their scope to observe and report while retaining oversight for follow-up. Teaching and demonstrating exercises require nursing judgment, beyond the assistant's role. Documentation in the medical record is a nursing responsibility for legal accuracy. Doing nothing neglects patient care needs. This delegation ensures the nurse addresses barriers like pain or reluctance, maintaining exercise compliance to prevent complications like thrombosis or atelectasis, per collaborative care principles.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is concerned about the skin integrity of the patient in the intraoperative phase of surgery. Which of the following actions helps to minimize skin breakdown?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Securing table attachments with foam padding minimizes skin breakdown by cushioning pressure points (e.g., heels, sacrum) during prolonged intraoperative positioning. Unusual positions for surgical access can cause abrasions or ulcers without protection padding distributes weight, preserving circulation. Bathing pre-surgery reduces microbes, not pressure injury. Adjusting the patient risks sterility breaches and airway disruption, impractical intraoperatively. Measuring time monitors risk but doesn't prevent breakdown. The nurse's use of padding aligns with skin integrity protocols, ensuring safety during immobility under anesthesia.
Question 5 of 5
The custom, habit, tradition, attitudes and beliefs of a social group of people are associated with
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Culture refers to the collective customs, habits, traditions, attitudes, and beliefs that characterize a social group, distinguishing it from others. It's a comprehensive concept that defines a society's way of life. 'Culture,' is correct because it encapsulates all these elements, as defined by Edward Tylor, who described culture as the complex whole of a society's learned behaviors and beliefs. 'Personality,' is incorrect, as it pertains to individual characteristics, not group traits. 'Norm,' refers to specific behavioral rules within a culture, a narrower scope than the broad concept of culture itself. 'Ideology,' denotes a system of ideas, often political or philosophical, which is only a part of culture, not its entirety. Culture's all-encompassing nature, covering the full range of social group attributes listed in the question, makes B the most fitting answer, supported by its foundational role in anthropology and sociology as the shared essence of a community.