ATI LPN
100 Questions on the Cardiovascular System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient is diagnosed with heart failure with normal ejection fraction. This patient is most likely characterized by a(n)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Heart failure with normal ejection fraction is particularly likely to develop in the elderly, in women, and in those without a history of MI. A middle-aged man with a previous history of MI may have heart failure, but the older woman fits the criteria of heart failure with normal ejection fraction. A young female athlete with cardiomegaly may experience heart failure, but is not the normal patient profile for this condition. A young sedentary male with a high-stress job may experience heart failure, but this patient does not fit the normal profile for this condition.
Question 2 of 5
The registered nurse(RN) is caring for a patient with a hypertensive crisis who is receiving sodium nitroprusside. Which nursing action can the nurse delegate to an experienced licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/VN)?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: LPN/VN education and scope of practice include the correct use of common equipment such as automatic noninvasive blood pressure machines. Assessment, evaluation, and medication titration require advanced nursing judgment and education, and should be done by RNs.
Question 3 of 5
A patient has just been diagnosed with hypertension and has been started on captopril (Capoten). Which information is important to include when teaching the patient about this medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitors frequently cause orthostatic hypotension, and patients should be taught to change position slowly to allow the vascular system time to compensate for the position change. Increasing fluid intake may counteract the effect of the medication, and the patient is taught to use gum or hard candy to relieve dry mouth. The BP should be taken in the nondominant arm by newly diagnosed patients in the morning, before taking the medication, and in the evening. Because ACE inhibitors cause potassium retention, increased intake of high-potassium foods is inappropriate.
Question 4 of 5
A group of student nurses are practicing taking blood pressure. A 56-year-old male student has a blood pressure reading of 146/96 mm Hg. Upon hearing the reading, he exclaims, 'My pressure has never been this high. Do you think my doctor will prescribe medication to reduce it?' Which of the following responses by the nursing instructor would be best?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypertension is confirmed by two or more readings with systolic pressure of at least 140 mm Hg and diastolic pressure of at least 90 mm Hg. An age of 56 does not constitute a risk factor in and of itself. The nurse should not tell the student that there is no need to worry.
Question 5 of 5
A patient has been diagnosed as being prehypertensive. What should the nurse encourage this patient to do to aid in preventing a progression to a hypertensive state?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: To prevent or delay progression to hypertension and reduce risk, JNC 7 urged health care providers to encourage people with blood pressures in the prehypertension category to begin lifestyle modifications, such as nutritional changes and exercise. There is no need for patients to limit their activity in the morning or to avoid potassium and protein intake.