A patient is being treated for a fractured hip and the nurse is aware of the need to implement interventions to prevent muscle wasting and other complications of immobility. What intervention best addresses the patient's need for exercise?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Encouraging frequent use of the overbed trapeze. This intervention helps the patient to move and reposition themselves independently, promoting muscle strength and preventing muscle wasting. Leg lifts (A) may not be suitable for a patient with a fractured hip. Massage (B) can improve circulation but does not provide the necessary muscle-strengthening exercise. Log rolling (D) may be too intense for a patient with a fractured hip. Encouraging the use of the trapeze allows for safe and controlled movement, promoting mobility and preventing complications of immobility.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Use sterile technique for all dressing changes. Sterile technique reduces the risk of introducing harmful microorganisms into the burn wound, thus decreasing the likelihood of infection. By maintaining a sterile environment during dressing changes, the nurse can help protect the patient's vulnerable skin and promote healing. A: Following contact precautions is important for preventing the spread of infection, but it does not directly address the risk of infection in the burn wound. B: Implementing protective isolation is unnecessary in this case as the patient's low-grade fever does not indicate the need for isolation. D: Administering prophylactic antibiotics is not recommended in this scenario as it can contribute to antibiotic resistance and is not necessary unless there is a confirmed infection present.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sutures. Sutures are commonly used in secondary closure surgical wounds to approximate the skin edges and promote proper healing. They provide secure closure, reduce the risk of infection, and allow for precise alignment of the wound edges. A: Tape is not typically used for secondary closure of surgical wounds as it may not provide enough support and security for proper wound healing. B: Grafts are used for transplanting tissue and are not typically used for closing surgical wounds. C: Staples are commonly used for primary closure of wounds, but they may not be as suitable for secondary closure as they can cause more tissue trauma and may not provide as precise alignment as sutures.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because melanocytes are responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. If melanocytes are inactive, the skin cannot produce enough melanin to tan, resulting in burning instead. Choice A is incorrect because everyone has the gene for tanning. Choice C is incorrect because keratinocytes are not directly involved in the tanning process. Therefore, the only logical explanation for not tanning and only burning when exposed to the sun is due to inactive melanocytes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A - Turn him frequently. Turning the client frequently helps redistribute pressure and prevents pressure ulcers. This action relieves pressure on specific areas of the body, promoting circulation and reducing the risk of tissue damage. Applying moisturizing lotion (choice B) may help with skin hydration but does not address the root cause of pressure ulcers. Increasing protein intake (choice C) is important for healing but does not directly prevent pressure ulcers. Using a pressure-relieving mattress (choice D) is beneficial, but turning the client is essential for effective pressure ulcer prevention.