ATI LPN
Urinary System Multiple Choice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient ingests antifreeze and needs to eliminate the ingested acid. Renal elimination of the protons in this excess acid is primarily accomplished by which of the following mechanisms.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antifreeze (ethylene glycol) causes metabolic acidosis. Kidneys primarily excrete excess H⺠via ammonium (NHâ‚„âº) excretion (A), buffering and eliminating acid in urine. Phosphates (B) help, hyperventilation (C) is respiratory, and free H⺠(D) is minimal, making A the main mechanism.
Question 2 of 5
While the kidneys process about 180 L of blood-derived fluids per day, the amount that actually leaves the body is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Kidneys filter 180 L/day, but ~99% is reabsorbed, leaving ~1-2 L (1%, 1.8 L) (D) as urine. 90 L (A), 180 L (B), and 18 L (C) overestimate output, making D the accurate amount.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse determines that instruction regarding prevention of future urinary tract infections (UTIs) for a patient with cystitis has been effective when the patient states,
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Frequent voiding every 3-4 hours (D) flushes bacteria from the bladder, preventing UTIs, showing effective teaching. Vaginal sprays (A) may irritate, a quart (B) is inadequate (~946 mL vs. 2000-3000 mL recommended), and soap pre-intercourse (C) is unnecessary, making D the best understanding.
Question 4 of 5
Two days after surgery for an ileal conduit, the patient will not look at the stoma or participate in care. The patient insists that no one but the ostomy nurse specialist care for the stoma. The nurse identifies a nursing diagnosis of
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Avoidance of stoma care (B) suggests disturbed body image from the altered function. Anxiety (A) lacks lifestyle focus evidence, readiness (C) isn't indicated, and denial (D) is absent (patient acknowledges change), making B the diagnosis.
Question 5 of 5
Which medication taken by a patient with decreased renal function will be of most concern to the nurse?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medications (NSAIDs) are nephrotoxic and should be avoided in patients with impaired renal function. The nurse should also ask about reasons the patient is taking the other medications, but the medication of most concern is the ibuprofen.