A patient has suffered lesions in the hypothalamus and lost the ability to produce ADH. Despite this loss, plasma sodium levels are maintained at normal or near-normal levels. a. Speculate why the urine output of this individual increases dramatically. b. If the urine output increases dramatically, what must happen to fluid intake in order to maintain homeostasis?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: No ADH reduces water reabsorption, increasing urine output. b. Fluid intake must increase to maintain homeostasis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Silent aspirations are a common complication of swallowing impairment. Placing a tongue depressor on the posterior tongue tests the gag reflex but does not demonstrate swallowing. Examining the uvula and soft palate does not assess swallowing ability. Palpating the throat assesses pharyngeal movement but is less direct than auscultating for aspiration.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A 3- to 7-day food diary assesses dietary habits and nutritional adequacy by comparing intake to reference standards. It involves the client in identifying issues, and this duration is too short to reliably assess appetite or weight changes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Proteins are crucial for building and repairing tissues in the body.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Soft or mechanical soft diets are designed to include foods that are easier to chew and swallow.