A patient has just received 30 mg of codeine by mouth for pain. Five minutes later he vomits. What should the nurse do first?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Observing the emesis checks for medication remnants, guiding next steps.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: As care providers, nurses first assess client needs e.g., identifying respiratory distress before delivering care. This foundational step ensures interventions (like oxygen therapy) are targeted and effective, unlike direct care (an outcome), psychological support (a subset), or collaboration (a method). Accurate need determination, rooted in the nursing process, is the bedrock of care provision, guiding all subsequent actions in clinical practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Questioning an inappropriate order like morphine for pancreatitis, which worsens sphincter of Oddi spasm reflects the client advocate role. Nurses protect patient rights and safety by challenging harmful directives, ensuring optimal care (e.g., suggesting alternatives like meperidine). This differs from change agent (lifestyle shifts), case manager (coordination), or collaborator (teamwork), emphasizing advocacy's focus on patient well-being, a core ethical duty in nursing.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Saint Elizabeth of Hungary, a 13th-century princess, devoted her life to feeding the poor and building hospitals e.g., using royal funds for charity. Unlike Catherine, Nightingale (modern nurse), or Gamp (fictional), she's nursing's patron saint, her altruism inspiring early caregiving traditions in Christian nursing history.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Clara Louise Maas, in 1901, died proving yellow fever's mosquito transmission by volunteering for bites, advancing epidemiology. Unlike Tucker, Robb (educator), or Hampton Robb (surgical pioneer), her sacrifice dying at 25 directly impacted public health, a heroic legacy in nursing research history.