A patient has just been diagnosed with hypertension and has been started on captopril (Capoten). Which information is important to include when teaching the patient about this medication?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitors frequently cause orthostatic hypotension, and patients should be taught to change position slowly to allow the vascular system time to compensate for the position change. Increasing fluid intake may counteract the effect of the medication, and the patient is taught to use gum or hard candy to relieve dry mouth. The BP should be taken in the nondominant arm by newly diagnosed patients in the morning, before taking the medication, and in the evening. Because ACE inhibitors cause potassium retention, increased intake of high-potassium foods is inappropriate.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: To prevent or delay progression to hypertension and reduce risk, JNC 7 urged health care providers to encourage people with blood pressures in the prehypertension category to begin lifestyle modifications, such as nutritional changes and exercise. There is no need for patients to limit their activity in the morning or to avoid potassium and protein intake.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sodium (Na+) concentration is nearly equal in CSF and plasma.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Sounds of Korotkoff occur when turbulent flow develops as the cuff pressure decreases.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Electrocardiograms display the heart's electrical activity and rhythm using electrodes placed on the skin.