ATI LPN
Cardiovascular Disease Questions and Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient has heart failure with a normal ejection fraction. Which findings are most likely found in this patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pulmonary congestion is a hallmark sign of heart failure. Edema is also a hallmark sign of heart failure. An ejection fraction greater than 50% indicates a normal ejection fraction. Low cardiac output, not high cardiac output, is a sign of heart failure. An ejection fraction of less than 45% indicates an abnormal ejection fraction.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a 70-yr-old patient who takes hydrochlorothiazide and enalapril(Norvasc). The patient's blood pressure(BP) continues to be high. Which patient information may indicate a need for a change?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Because use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) can prevent adequate BP control, the patient may need to avoid the use of ibuprofen. A multivitamin tablet will help supply vitamin D, which may help lower BP. BP decreases while sleeping, so self-monitoring early in the morning will result in obtaining pressures that are at their lowest. The patient's alcohol intake is not excessive.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse has just finished teaching a hypertensive patient about the newly prescribed ramipril(Altace). Which patient statement indicates that more teaching is needed?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Angioedema occurring with angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitor therapy is an indication that the ACE inhibitor should be discontinued. The patient should be taught that if any swelling of the face or oral mucosa occurs, the health care provider should be immediately notified because this could be life threatening. The other patient statements indicate that the patient has an accurate understanding of ACE inhibitor therapy.
Question 4 of 5
A patient newly diagnosed with hypertension asks the nurse what happens when uncontrolled hypertension is prolonged. The nurse explains that a patient with prolonged, uncontrolled hypertension is at risk for developing what health problem?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When uncontrolled hypertension is prolonged, it can result in renal failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, impaired vision, left ventricular hypertrophy, and cardiac failure. Glaucoma and anemia are not directly associated with hypertension.
Question 5 of 5
The home health nurse is caring for a patient who has a comorbidity of hypertension. What assessment question most directly addresses the possibility of worsening hypertension?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: To identify complications or worsening hypertension, the patient is questioned about blurred vision, spots in front of the eyes, and diminished visual acuity. The heart, nervous system, and kidneys are also carefully assessed, but angina pain and decreased energy are not normally suggestive of worsening hypertension. Sodium limitation is a beneficial lifestyle modification, but nonadherence to this is not necessarily a sign of worsening symptoms.