ATI LPN
Urinary and Renal System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient gives the admitting nurse health information before a scheduled intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Which item requires the nurse to intervene before the procedure?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Iodine-based contrast dye is used during IVP and for many CT scans. The nurse will need to notify the health care provider before the procedures so that the patient can receive medications such as antihistamines or corticosteroids before the procedures are started. The other information does not have immediate implications for the patient's care during the procedures.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is collecting data for a patient who has suspected kidney disease. A high specific gravity of urine is associated with which of the following?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: High specific gravity occurs with dehydration (A), diabetes mellitus (C), heart failure (E), and nephrosis (F), but A is a primary cause. Diabetes insipidus (B) lowers SG, and excess fluid (D) dilutes it, making A a key association.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is reinforcing teaching on risk factors for prerenal injury. Which of these if stated by a patient indicates correct understanding?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prerenal injury causes include NSAIDs and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors which impair autoregulatory responses of the kidney.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is reinforcing teaching for a patient with a history of calcium oxalate kidney stones. The nurse recognizes that teaching has been effective if the patient avoids which of the following foods?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A low oxalate diet restricts foods such as spinach cocoa and instant coffee.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient with a nursing diagnosis of deficient fluid volume. The nurses assessment reveals a BP of 98/52 mm Hg. The nurse should recognize that the patients kidneys will compensate by secreting what substance?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Low BP triggers renin (C) secretion from juxtaglomerular cells, initiating the RAAS to raise BP. ADH (A) and aldosterone (B) follow, and angiotensin (D) is a product, making C the initial response.