ATI LPN
Urinary System Test Questions and Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient asks the nurse why kidney problems can cause gastrointestinal disturbances. What relationship should the nurse describe?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The right kidney's proximity to GI organs (A) like the pancreas and liver causes disturbances. Enzymes (B), peritoneum (C), and bile duct (D) aren't the link, making A the relationship.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse coming on shift on the medical unit is taking a report on four patients. What patient does the nurse know is at the greatest risk of developing ESKD?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus (leading cause); hypertension; chronic glomerulonephritis; pyelonephritis; obstruction of the urinary tract; hereditary lesions, such as in polycystic kidney disease; vascular disorders; infections; medications; or toxic agents may cause ESKD. A patient with more than one of these risk factors is at the greatest risk for developing ESKD. Therefore, the patient with diabetes and hypertension is likely at highest risk for ESKD.
Question 3 of 5
A patient hourly urine output is recorded. Which output rate should be reported immediately?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Urine output below 30 mL/hr indicates potential kidney dysfunction.
Question 4 of 5
Most reabsorption of substances from the glomerular filtrate occurs in the:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) (C) reabsorbs ~65% of glomerular filtrate, including water, glucose, and ions, due to its microvilli and carrier proteins. The glomerulus (A) filters, not reabsorbs, the collecting tubule (B) adjusts urine concentration, and the ureter (D) transports urine, making C the primary reabsorption site.
Question 5 of 5
What type of epithelium forms the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule? A) stratified squamous, B) transitional, C) simple ciliated columnar, D) simple cuboidal
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The PCT has simple cuboidal epithelium (D) with microvilli for reabsorption. Stratified squamous (A) is in skin, transitional (B) in bladder, and ciliated columnar (C) in airways, making D correct.