A patient arrives to the clinic for evaluation of epigastric pain. The patient describes the pain to be relieved by food intake. In addition, the patient reports awaking in the middle of the night with a gnawing pain in the stomach. Based on the patient's description this appears to be what type of peptic ulcer?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Duodenal ulcers typically feature pain relieved by food and nocturnal gnawing pain due to increased acid in the duodenum, making A correct.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Mucosa includes an epithelial layer (simple or stratified, with or without glands) and an underlying lamina propria (loose connective tissue); smooth muscle (muscularis mucosae) is optional and not always present.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The submucosal (Meissner's) plexus regulates glandular secretion and local blood flow within the submucosa.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Tonsils are lymphatic tissue with crypts lined by epithelium, aiding in immune surveillance.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Taste buds are primarily on fungiform and circumvallate papillae, not filiform.