ATI LPN
Renal System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient admitted to the medical unit with impaired renal function is complaining of severe, stabbing pain in the flank and lower abdomen... The nurse recognizes that the stone is most likely in what anatomic location?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Severe, stabbing flank pain (C) indicates a ureteral stone, often dull but sharp with a full bladder. Bladder (B), urethra (D), and meatus (A) stones cause different pain, making C the likely site.
Question 2 of 5
A patient with bipolar disorder is prescribed lithium. The nurse teaches the patient to monitor for which potential side effect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lithium can cause polyuria and polydipsia as side effects.
Question 3 of 5
A patient on the critical care unit is postoperative day 1 following kidney transplantation from a living donor. The nurses most recent assessments indicate that the patient is producing copious quantities of dilute urine. What is the nurses most appropriate response?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A kidney from a living donor related to the patient usually begins to function immediately after surgery and may produce large quantities of dilute urine. This is not suggestive of rejection and treatment is not warranted. There is no obvious need to report this finding.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse reinforces teaching on risk factors for prerenal injury. Which statement indicates understanding?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: NSAIDs reduce kidney perfusion, causing prerenal injury.
Question 5 of 5
Match the description 'Active transport of sodium; impermeable to water' to the structure: A) proximal convoluted tubule, B) descending limb of the nephron loop, C) collecting duct, D) ascending limb of the nephron loop.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The ascending limb (D) actively transports sodium via Na/K/2Cl pumps and is impermeable to water, diluting filtrate. The proximal tubule (A) reabsorbs water, descending limb (B) is water-permeable, and collecting duct (C) varies with ADH, making D the match.