ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals of Nursing Test Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse working in a community setting is focusing on illness prevention for a group of clients who have risk factors for varying chronic illnesses. Which nursing action reflects primary prevention for this group?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Primary prevention stops illness before it begins, ideal for clients with risk factors but no disease. Educating about exercise benefits like reducing heart disease odds promotes healthy habits, targeting risks such as obesity or inactivity common across chronic conditions. Screening for cholesterol is secondary, detecting issues, not preventing them. Referring to a nutritionist could be primary but often follows identified needs, leaning tertiary. Planning care for hypertension is tertiary, managing a diagnosis. Exercise education empowers this group proactively evidence shows it cuts diabetes and cardiovascular risk fitting community nursing's preventive focus. This action builds resilience, aligning with nursing's goal to avert chronic illness onset through accessible, universal lifestyle changes, not reactive care.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is suctioning an adult client through a tracheostomy tube. During the procedure, the nurse notes that the client's oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry is $89 \%$. Which action should the nurse implement?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An oxygen saturation of $89% during suctioning indicates hypoxia; stopping the procedure (C) is the priority to restore oxygenation. Continuing (A) worsens desaturation. Calling respiratory (B) or changing catheters (D) delays action. C is correct. Rationale: Ceasing suctioning allows reoxygenation, preventing further decline, a critical step per oxygenation management guidelines, prioritizing patient stability.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a child with a diagnosis of meningitis. What clinical findings indicate an increase in intracranial pressure? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Meningitis can raise intracranial pressure (ICP); bradycardia (B) is a classic sign of Cushing's triad (with hypertension and irregular breathing), indicating severe ICP elevation. Irritability (A) is early, not specific. Hyperalertness (C) contrasts with lethargy. Decreased pulse pressure (D) isn't typical. B is correct. Rationale: Bradycardia reflects brainstem compression from ICP, a late and critical sign requiring urgent intervention, per pediatric neurology standards, distinguishing it from earlier or unrelated findings.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client with a spinal cord injury during the immediate postinjury period. Which is the priority focus of nursing care during this immediate phase?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the immediate post-SCI period, avoiding spine flexion or hyperextension (C) prevents further damage. UTIs (A) and contractures (B) are later concerns. Rehabilitation (D) is long-term. C is correct. Rationale: Spine stabilization is critical to limit cord injury progression, a priority in acute SCI management, per trauma protocols, ensuring neurological preservation over secondary or chronic care goals.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who is tetraplegic following a diving accident and is experiencing autonomic dysreflexia due to a blocked urinary catheter. Which immediate nursing action is appropriate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Autonomic dysreflexia in tetraplegia from a blocked catheter requires removing the stimulus (B), e.g., unblocking the catheter, to halt the sympathetic surge causing hypertension. Medication (A) or elevation (C) treats symptoms, not the cause. Notification (D) follows. B is correct. Rationale: Relieving the trigger (catheter obstruction) stops the reflex, a priority per SCI emergency protocols, preventing stroke or seizure, unlike secondary symptomatic management.