A Nurse that deliberately pointed a needle and syringe to a child that has a phobia for injection has committed a tort of

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Assault in tort law is an intentional act causing reasonable fear of imminent harm, without physical contact. 'Assault,' is correct because pointing a needle at a phobic child deliberately induces fear, meeting this definition (e.g., Restatement (Second) of Torts). 'Malpractice,' requires professional negligence with harm, not just intent. 'Negligence,' lacks intent, unlike this deliberate act. 'Battery,' requires physical contact, which didn't occur. The nurse's intentional threat, exploiting the child's phobia, fits assault's criteria—fear without touch—making B the accurate answer, distinct from negligence or contact-based torts.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Florence Nightingale is recognized as the first nurse researcher for her pioneering statistical analysis of hospital mortality during the Crimean War. 'Florence Nightingale,' is correct, as her work (e.g., Notes on Nursing) laid foundations for evidence-based practice, per nursing history (e.g., Judd's Nursing Theories). 'Calista Roy,' and 'Betty Neuman,' developed later models (adaptation, systems). 'Dorothea Orems,' focused on self-care theory, not early research. Nightingale's use of data to improve care marks her as the originator, making C the precise answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Sample size is the number of units chosen to represent a population. 'Sample size,' is correct, per statistical design (e.g., Kish), determining study precision (e.g., 100 nurses). 'Sample frame,' is the population list. 'Sampling unit,' is a single entity. 'Sampling fraction,' is the proportion sampled. Sample size's focus on the count of representatives distinguishes D as the accurate answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The shoulder's ball-and-socket joint allows humeral rotation. 'Ball and socket,' is correct, the glenohumeral joint's structure, per anatomy (e.g., Tortora). 'Hinge,' (e.g., elbow) limits rotation. 'Condylar,' (e.g., knee) is less mobile. 'Saddle,' (e.g., thumb) is specific. Ball-and-socket's multidirectional range makes B the precise answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Valves in blood vessels prevent backflow, aiding venous return against gravity, but capillaries lack them due to their role in exchange, not directional flow. 'Capillaries,' is correct, as per anatomy texts like Moore's Clinically Oriented Anatomy, which note valves in veins and some venules. 'Veins,' have valves, especially in limbs. 'Venules,' may have valves in larger ones transitioning to veins. 'Vena cavae,' lack valves, but the question's focus on typical presence points to capillaries' exception. Capillaries' thin walls and continuous flow for nutrient exchange exclude valves, making A the accurate answer, distinct from the venous system's structural adaptations.