ATI LPN
ATI Fundamentals LPN Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse observes that the past five clients referred from a community clinic have been treated for drug and/or alcohol overdose. Based on this information, the nurse assumes that the clinic specializes in the treatment of substance use. This is an example of what type of reasoning?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Inductive reasoning involves observing specific instances to form a general conclusion, as seen here. The nurse notes five overdose cases from a clinic and infers it specializes in substance use, moving from particular observations to a broader assumption. Deductive reasoning reverses this, applying a general rule (e.g., all overdose clinics specialize) to a specific case, not fitting here. General systems theory analyzes wholes and parts, irrelevant to this logic. The nursing process is a care method, not reasoning. Inductive reasoning's strength lies in pattern recognition, useful in nursing for hypothesis generation like identifying care trends but risks overgeneralization without further data. It shapes initial assessments, guiding deeper inquiry into the clinic's role, reflecting nurses' adaptive thinking in real-world settings.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is completing a health history with an older adult client who reveals smoking one pack of cigarettes daily for the past 50 years. Which illness prevention strategy should the nurse recommend?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: For an older adult with a 50-year, pack-a-day smoking history, the nurse prioritizes illness prevention via a smoking cessation program referral primary prevention to halt further damage from a modifiable risk tied to lung cancer, COPD, and heart disease. Quitting slashes these risks studies show even late cessation improves lung function. Screening for lung cancer is secondary, detecting issues, not preventing them, though relevant later. Nutrition or mobility exercises enhance wellness but don't address smoking's root threat 20% of smokers develop COPD. Cessation directly targets the habit, aligning with nursing's preventive ethos, offering practical support like group therapy or nicotine aids. This strategy empowers the client to alter a decades-long risk, maximizing health gains despite age, a cornerstone of tailored care.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse cares for 4 clients. Which activity demonstrates the nurse's understanding of how ethnicity influences the client's health?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ethnicity influences health through genetic predispositions and cultural factors. Assessing a 5-month-old African American client for sickle cell anemia (C) reflects this, as the disease is prevalent in African descent populations due to a genetic mutation. Providing financial resources (A) addresses access, not ethnicity-specific health. Teaching with simple methods (B) aids comprehension but isn't ethnicity-tied. Diet and exercise advice (D) is general, not ethnic-specific. C is correct. Rationale: Sickle cell anemia's higher incidence in African Americans requires early screening to prevent complications like vaso-occlusive crises, showcasing culturally competent care rooted in genetic epidemiology, unlike the other options.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is suctioning a client through a tracheostomy tube. During the procedure, the client begins to cough, and the nurse notes the presence of an audible wheeze. The nurse attempts to remove the suction catheter from the client's trachea but is unable to do so. What is the nurse's priority response?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A stuck catheter with coughing and wheezing suggests obstruction or bronchospasm; disconnecting the suction source (D) is the priority to relieve pressure and attempt removal. Calling a code (A) or provider (C) delays action. Bronchodilators (B) treat wheezing but not the immediate issue. D is correct. Rationale: Disconnecting stops suction trauma, allowing catheter withdrawal and airway reassessment, a critical first step per emergency airway protocols.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse uses the Glasgow Coma Scale to assess a client with a head injury. Which Glasgow Coma Scale score indicates that the client is in a coma?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 6 (A) indicates coma, defined as ≤8, reflecting minimal responsiveness (eye, verbal, motor). Scores of 9 (B) and 12 (C) suggest moderate injury. 15 (D) is normal. A is correct. Rationale: GCS ≤8 signifies severe brain dysfunction, often requiring intubation, a standard threshold in neurocritical care for coma classification and management.