A nurse observes a window washer falling 25 feet (7.6 m) to the ground. The nurse rushes to the scene and determines that the person is in cardiopulmonary arrest. What should the nurse do first?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In cardiopulmonary arrest, begin chest compressions (B) first per BLS guidelines, as circulation is priority. Pulse check (A) follows if uncertain. Calling (C) or Heimlich (D) delays care. B is correct. Rationale: Immediate compressions restore circulation in arrest, critical within seconds, per AHA protocols, overriding other initial actions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Deductive reasoning involves applying a general framework to a specific situation, and assessing a client using Maslow's Hierarchy to define a nutritional problem exemplifies this. The student starts with the broad theory of human needs, then deduces that the client's issue fits within the physiological category, specifically nutrition. Observing constipation and gathering data is inductive, moving from specifics to a general conclusion. Suspecting dishonesty and checking sources is investigative, not strictly deductive. Identifying alternatives and choosing one is problem-solving, not deduction. Using Maslow's model demonstrates how a nurse logically narrows a general principle to a specific client need, showcasing critical thinking essential for effective care planning.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Before restraining a restless, agitated, confused client, identifying the underlying cause is most important. This question drives assessment like checking for hypoxia or pain addressing the root issue rather than masking it with restraints. Restraint type or orders follow, and medication might treat symptoms but not the cause. Understanding why, such as delirium from infection, guides safer, less restrictive interventions, aligning with nursing's least-restraint principle and client dignity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The cell is life's basic unit, exhibiting all characteristics organization, metabolism, responsiveness, homeostasis, growth, reproduction unlike genes, chromosomes, or organelles, which are components. This foundational knowledge guides nursing understanding of bodily functions and cellular-level care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Asking about oil use respects cultural hair care practices for African American women, often needed for moisture. Unbraiding, double shampooing, or brushing are secondary. Nurses tailor care to client preferences.