ATI LPN
Immune System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is working with a client who was diagnosed with HIV several months earlier. This client will be considered to have AIDS when the CD4+ Tlymphocyte cell count drops below what threshold?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 200 cells/mm3 of blood. This is the threshold at which an HIV-positive individual is considered to have AIDS. When the CD4+ T-lymphocyte cell count drops below 200 cells/mm3, the immune system is significantly compromised, increasing the risk of opportunistic infections. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the established CD4+ T-cell count threshold for an AIDS diagnosis.
Question 2 of 5
The patient who underwent a bone biopsy yesterday calls the office thinking something is wrong. Which of the following would be cause for concern by the nurse? SATA:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because swelling and redness at the biopsy site can indicate infection, which is a serious concern post-procedure. Red streaks (B) also suggest infection, but swelling and redness are more immediate signs. A low-grade fever (C) is common after a biopsy and may not necessarily indicate a problem. Pain (D) is expected after a biopsy and doesn't necessarily signify a complication. Therefore, choice A is the most concerning symptom that requires prompt attention.
Question 3 of 5
When excessive bleeding occurs, which of the following causes blood pressure to fall?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because when excessive bleeding occurs, the volume of blood in the blood vessels decreases, causing a drop in blood pressure. This is due to the insufficient amount of fluid left in the blood vessels to maintain normal blood pressure. Choice B is incorrect because an increased oxygen supply would not directly cause a drop in blood pressure. Choice C is incorrect because a decrease in iron in the blood would not directly affect blood pressure in the context of excessive bleeding. Choice D is incorrect as an increase in red blood cell production may help compensate for blood loss but would not cause a drop in blood pressure directly.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is both the standard treatment and also a potential cure for aplastic anemia?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Stem cell transplantation. Stem cell transplantation is considered the standard treatment for aplastic anemia as it aims to replace the dysfunctional bone marrow with healthy stem cells to restore blood cell production. This procedure has the potential to cure aplastic anemia by providing a source of healthy cells that can differentiate into all blood cell types. Antithymocyte globulin (A) and cyclosporine (B) are commonly used immunosuppressive therapies to help manage the condition but do not offer a curative effect. Transfusions (D) are used to alleviate symptoms of aplastic anemia by providing necessary blood components but do not address the underlying cause of the disease.
Question 5 of 5
Most but not all symptoms of anemia are similar in older and younger people. Which of the following symptoms is more likely to occur in older people with anemia than in younger people with anemia?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Confusion and agitation. In older people with anemia, decreased oxygen supply to the brain can lead to cognitive symptoms like confusion and agitation. This is more likely in older individuals due to age-related changes in the brain's ability to compensate for decreased oxygen levels. Explanation of why other choices are incorrect: B: Increased thirst is a common symptom of anemia in all age groups due to the body's attempt to increase blood volume. C: Shortness of breath is a common symptom of anemia regardless of age, as it is a result of decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. D: Weak and rapid pulse is a common symptom of anemia in all age groups due to the heart working harder to compensate for decreased oxygen levels.