A nurse is teaching a patient with asthma about Azmacort, an inhaled corticosteroid. Which adverse effects should the nurse be sure to address in patient teaching?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Teaching about Azmacort (triamcinolone), an inhaled corticosteroid for asthma, must address cough and oral thrush as key adverse effects. Cough can occur from airway irritation by the inhalant, a local reaction manageable with technique adjustment (e.g., spacer use). Oral thrush (candidiasis) results from steroid deposition in the mouth, suppressing local immunity rinsing after use prevents this fungal overgrowth. Dyspnea and increased secretions aren't typical; corticosteroids reduce secretions long-term. Nausea and vomiting are systemic effects, rare with inhaled forms unless overdosed. Fatigue and decreased consciousness suggest severe systemic absorption (e.g., adrenal suppression), uncommon at standard doses. The nurse's focus on these effects demonstrating rinsing and monitoring for white patches ensures safe use, aligning with asthma pharmacotherapy education to maintain efficacy and minimize complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The comment 'I will have minimal pain because of the anesthesia' signals a need for more education, as anesthesia prevents pain during surgery, not after. Postoperative pain is expected as tissues heal and nerve endings react, requiring management like medications or splinting. Taking meds as prescribed and rating pain on a scale show understanding of pain control. Using meds before exercises aids mobility, a correct strategy. The nurse must clarify that anesthesia's effect ends post-procedure, preparing the patient for pain management options to ensure realistic expectations and effective recovery, per preoperative teaching goals.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Malignant hyperthermia, a rare anesthesia complication, matches these symptoms hypercarbia (elevated CO2), tachypnea, tachycardia, PVCs, and muscle rigidity triggered by agents like succinylcholine. It's a hypermetabolic crisis requiring urgent dantrolene. Hypoxia shows low oxygen, not CO2 rise. Fluid imbalance lacks rigidity, presenting volume-related signs. Hemorrhage causes tachycardia but not rigidity or hypercarbia blood loss is key. The nurse's suspicion drives immediate action, aligning with protocols to reverse this life-threatening state intraoperatively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The American Nurses Association (ANA) defines health as a dynamic state influenced by multiple factors, with a particular emphasis on environment and health status. 'Environment and Health status,' is correct because it reflects the ANA's holistic view, recognizing that health is shaped by one's surroundings (physical, social, and cultural) and current well-being, rather than just biological factors. 'Health and Wealth,' is incorrect, as wealth is not a core component of the ANA's definition, though it may indirectly influence health. 'Behaviour and development,' focuses on individual actions and growth, which are aspects of health but not the primary duo highlighted by the ANA. 'Economics and Environment,' includes environment but substitutes economics for health status, missing the ANA's focus on the individual's condition. The ANA's framework, rooted in nursing's patient-centered approach, prioritizes how environment interacts with health status to define well-being, making C the accurate choice based on its established standards.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Aseptic technique refers to practices designed to prevent contamination by pathogens, maintaining a sterile environment during procedures like surgery or lab work. 'Contamination with infective agents are prevented,' is correct because it captures the essence of asepsis, as outlined in infection control guidelines (e.g., CDC standards), focusing on keeping sterile fields free of microbes. 'Microorganisms are destroyed,' describes sterilization, not asepsis, which prevents rather than eliminates. 'The growth of microorganism is inhibited,' relates to antisepsis or bacteriostatic methods, not the preventive focus of aseptic technique. 'Microorganisms are cultured,' is the opposite, involving intentional growth. Aseptic technique's proactive prevention of contamination, such as using sterile gloves or tools, distinguishes it from destructive or growth-related processes, making B the accurate answer.