A nurse is talking to the mother of an exclusively breast-fed African American 3-month-old infant who was born in late fall. Which supplement will the nurse recommend for this infant?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vitamin D. Breastfed infants, especially those with darker skin or born in late fall/winter, are at risk of vitamin D deficiency due to limited sun exposure. Vitamin D is crucial for bone health and immune function. Iron (Choice A) is typically recommended around 4-6 months, not necessarily based on race. Fluoride (Choice C) is not recommended until at least 6 months. Calcium (Choice D) is not needed as a supplement for infants under 6 months.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Notify practitioner of the observation. This is the most appropriate action because a weaker pulse distal to the catheter insertion site could indicate impaired circulation, potentially leading to complications like ischemia. Notifying the practitioner promptly allows for a timely assessment and intervention to prevent further complications. Elevating the affected extremity (A) may worsen circulation, recording data (C) is important but not as urgent as notifying the practitioner, and applying warm compresses (D) is not indicated for this situation and could exacerbate any circulatory issues.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Aortic stenosis is the correct answer as it is a defect that causes narrowing of the aortic valve, leading to obstruction of blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta. This obstruction increases the workload on the heart and can result in symptoms such as chest pain and heart failure. Tricuspid atresia, atrial septal defect, and transposition of the great arteries do not directly cause obstruction to blood flow in the same way as aortic stenosis. Tricuspid atresia involves the absence of the tricuspid valve, atrial septal defect is a hole in the atrial septum, and transposition of the great arteries involves a switch in the positions of the pulmonary artery and aorta.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Susceptibility to respiratory infection. Children with congenital heart disease often have compromised immune systems due to their cardiac condition, making them more prone to respiratory infections. This is because the heart defect can affect blood flow to the lungs, leading to decreased oxygen levels and weakened lung function. As a result, these children are at higher risk for respiratory complications. Incorrect choices: B: Bleeding tendencies - While some heart conditions may lead to clotting issues, bleeding tendencies are not a frequent complication of congenital heart disease. C: Frequent vomiting and diarrhea - These symptoms are not typically associated with congenital heart disease, unless there are specific underlying conditions causing them. D: Seizure disorder - Seizures are not a common complication of congenital heart disease; they are more often related to neurological issues or other medical conditions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: leukocytes. Leukocytes are a general term encompassing all white blood cells, which play a crucial role in the immune system. They are responsible for defending the body against infections and foreign invaders. Hematopoietic cells (A) refer to the cells that give rise to all blood cells, including red and white blood cells. Myeloid progenitors (B) are specific progenitor cells that give rise to certain types of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Dendritic cells (C) are a specific type of white blood cell that plays a key role in the immune response by presenting antigens to other immune cells. Overall, leukocytes are the most appropriate term to describe all white blood cells due to their broad and inclusive nature in the immune system.