A nurse is speaking with a client who recently completed chemotherapy and radiation for breast cancer diagnosed 11 months prior. The woman asks about the wisdom of getting an influenza vaccine so soon after completing treatment. What statements by the nurse are accurate responses to the client's question? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Post-chemotherapy, the client's weakened immunity from treatment increases flu susceptibility and severity, making the inactivated flu shot wise it lowers this modifiable risk safely. The shot, not the live nasal spray (contraindicated in immunocompromised), boosts protection without infection risk, per CDC. Saying it causes flu is false the inactivated form can't infect. The nurse stresses vaccination's value for this vulnerable client, reducing infection odds and complications like pneumonia, even if immunity's still recovering, ensuring accurate, actionable advice tailored to her health status.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Bronchiectasis can arise as a complication of rheumatoid arthritis (B), via chronic inflammation. Choice A is false; it stems from infection/obstruction, not bronchoconstriction (asthma-related). Choice C is incorrect; dilation is irreversible (pneumonia's is temporary). Choice D is wrong; it's uncommon now due to antibiotics. Choice E (mucus hypersecretion) fits bronchitis. Page 727 links B to systemic diseases RA's immune damage weakens airways, predisposing to infection/dilation, unlike A's mechanism or C's reversibility.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Asteroid bodies within giant cells (C) are a sarcoid feature. Choice A is false; granulomas affect multiple tissues (e.g., lymph nodes). Choice B is incorrect; necrosis is rare (unlike TB). Choice D is wrong; Schaumann bodies occur in TB too, not pathognomonic. Choice E (lymph node involvement) is true. Page 738 details C's morphology stellate inclusions in granulomas are characteristic, though not unique, distinguishing it over A's lung-only claim or D's specificity error.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Type b H influenzae causes the most serious invasive disease (B), e.g., meningitis. Choice A is false; unencapsulated forms (95%) dominate oropharynx. Choice C is incorrect; pneumonia is lobular/patchy, not lobar. Choice D is wrong; it's ubiquitous, not 30%. Choice E (COPD exacerbation) is true. Page 748 details B's virulence encapsulated type b's polysaccharide drives severe infections, unlike A's prevalence or C's pattern error.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Aspiration-induced lung abscesses are more common on the right (B), due to straighter bronchus anatomy. Choice A is false; aspiration, not bronchiectasis, is most frequent. Choice C is incorrect; multiple abscesses often develop. Choice D is wrong; some drain via airways, lacking debris. Choice E (10-15% carcinoma) is true. Page 753 confirms B's laterality aspiration in upright/sitting positions favors right-sided seeding, distinguishing it over A's etiology or C's singularity.