A nurse is speaking with a client who recently completed chemotherapy and radiation for breast cancer diagnosed 11 months prior. The woman asks about the wisdom of getting an influenza vaccine so soon after completing treatment. What statements by the nurse are accurate responses to the client's question? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: For a client post-chemotherapy and radiation, the nurse advises that those with weakened immune systems, like her, are more susceptible to infections and severe flu outcomes, making vaccination wise with the inactivated shot, not the live nasal spray. Chemotherapy suppresses immunity, increasing flu risk even months later, and the inactivated vaccine safely boosts protection without infection risk. Saying the vaccine causes flu is false it's inactivated, not live, in the shot form recommended here. Influenza is indeed modifiable vaccination lowers risk, a key point for this vulnerable client. The nasal spray's live virus is contraindicated post-chemo due to immune compromise, but the shot is safe and effective. The nurse's accurate advice emphasizes vaccination's protective role, tailored to her condition, preventing severe illness in someone still recovering immunity, aligning with CDC guidelines for immunocompromised individuals.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Influenza in a 67-year-old raises the risk of sinusitis and otitis media, as viral irritation of the respiratory tract leads to sinus inflammation or eustachian tube blockage, fostering bacterial superinfections. Age-related immune decline heightens this in seniors. Arthritis and Cushing's syndrome aren't flu-linked joint or hormonal issues don't follow. Aortic valve prolapse is structural, not infectious. Gastritis and goiter affect digestion and thyroid, not respiratory sequelae. The nurse flags sinusitis and otitis media as common, treatable complications, per clinical patterns, urging vigilance for symptoms like sinus pain or earache to prevent escalation in this vulnerable client.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Expiratory airflow obstruction diagnosed by spirometry (A) confirms emphysema'. Choice B is false; weight loss is common, akin to neoplasia. Choice C is incorrect; blood gases are normal at rest in pure emphysema (unlike bronchitis-dominant cases). Choice D is wrong; symptoms emerge with one-third parenchymal loss, not one-quarter. Choice E (purulent cough) fits bronchitis, not pure emphysema. Page 721 details spirometry's role reduced FEV₁/FVC reflects irreversible obstruction from alveolar destruction, making A the diagnostic cornerstone, unlike B's rarity claim or C's gas error.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Intrinsic asthma is triggered by viral infections (C), a non-allergic mechanism. Choice A is false; extrinsic asthma is Type I hypersensitivity. Choice B is incorrect; extrinsic (atopic) is most common. Choice D is wrong; IgE levels are normal. Choice E (negative skin tests) is true but not listed. Page 726 notes C's viral trigger respiratory infections (e.g., RSV) provoke hyperresponsiveness without IgE, contrasting with A's allergic basis or B's prevalence.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pleural plaques are the most common asbestos exposure finding (B), seen in parietal pleura. Choice A is false; asbestos bodies (ferruginous) are frequent but less common than plaques. Choice C is incorrect; plaques form anterolaterally and over diaphragmatic domes, not apices. Choice D is wrong; plaques are fibrous, not containing asbestos bodies (parenchyma does). Choice E (uncommon effusions) is true. Page 736 highlights B's prevalence calcified plaques mark chronic exposure, unlike A's frequency or C's location error.