A nurse is speaking to fifth graders about influenza vaccines. Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: For fifth graders, the nurse teaches that the flu shot helps the body fight the flu virus, a simple, accurate explanation of how the vaccine's inactivated virus trains immunity to recognize and resist influenza. Saying it's live and causes sickness is false for the shot (true for nasal spray, not typically for kids this age), risking fear. It doesn't protect against all viruses just influenza avoiding overstatement. One lifetime shot is wrong annual vaccination matches new strains. This positive, clear message encourages acceptance, explaining immunity in kid-friendly terms, fostering healthy habits and reducing flu's classroom spread, aligning with pediatric health education goals.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Mucus gland hypertrophy (C) characterizes chronic bronchitis, increasing mucosal gland depth'. Choice A (smooth muscle hypertrophy) is asthma-specific. Choice B is true but vague; lymphocyte infiltration occurs, not 'leukocyte.' Choice D is correct; goblet cells enlarge. Choice E (persistent cough 3 months, 2 years) defines it clinically but isn't listed. Page 722 highlights C's morphological hallmark Reid index rises with gland hyperplasia from smoke irritation, driving mucus hypersecretion, distinguishing it over A's asthma feature or B's imprecision.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Bronchiectasis can arise as a complication of rheumatoid arthritis (B), via chronic inflammation. Choice A is false; it stems from infection/obstruction, not bronchoconstriction (asthma-related). Choice C is incorrect; dilation is irreversible (pneumonia's is temporary). Choice D is wrong; it's uncommon now due to antibiotics. Choice E (mucus hypersecretion) fits bronchitis. Page 727 links B to systemic diseases RA's immune damage weakens airways, predisposing to infection/dilation, unlike A's mechanism or C's reversibility.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Asteroid bodies within giant cells (C) are a sarcoid feature. Choice A is false; granulomas affect multiple tissues (e.g., lymph nodes). Choice B is incorrect; necrosis is rare (unlike TB). Choice D is wrong; Schaumann bodies occur in TB too, not pathognomonic. Choice E (lymph node involvement) is true. Page 738 details C's morphology stellate inclusions in granulomas are characteristic, though not unique, distinguishing it over A's lung-only claim or D's specificity error.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Type b H influenzae causes the most serious invasive disease (B), e.g., meningitis. Choice A is false; unencapsulated forms (95%) dominate oropharynx. Choice C is incorrect; pneumonia is lobular/patchy, not lobar. Choice D is wrong; it's ubiquitous, not 30%. Choice E (COPD exacerbation) is true. Page 748 details B's virulence encapsulated type b's polysaccharide drives severe infections, unlike A's prevalence or C's pattern error.