A nurse is reviewing a patient’s chart and notices that the child suffers from a urinary tract infection. Which of the following microorganisms is related to this condition?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Escherichia coli. E. coli is a common cause of urinary tract infections due to its ability to colonize the urinary tract and cause infection. It is a gram-negative bacterium commonly found in the gut. Clostridium botulinum causes botulism, Corynebacterium diphtheriae causes diphtheria, and Helicobacter pylori causes stomach ulcers, not urinary tract infections. E. coli's presence in the urinary tract can lead to inflammation and infection, making it the correct choice in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Observing for signs of hypovolemic shock. This is the highest-priority nursing intervention because a lacerated spleen can lead to severe internal bleeding and hypovolemic shock, which is a life-threatening condition. Monitoring for signs such as tachycardia, hypotension, pallor, and altered mental status is crucial for early detection and prompt intervention. Maintaining IV fluids (B) is important, but monitoring for shock takes precedence. Implementing strict bedrest (C) may be necessary, but it is not the highest priority. Administering blood products (D) may be needed, but assessing for shock comes first to guide the need for blood products.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because it emphasizes the importance of monitoring the child's weight and height to ensure they reach normal levels, which is crucial for their overall health and growth. This information helps the parents understand the expected timeline for improvement. A: Ice cream may contain gluten unless specified gluten-free, so it is not a safe dessert option for a child with celiac disease. C: Processed foods often contain hidden sources of gluten, so it is essential for parents to carefully read labels and choose certified gluten-free options. D: While insurance coverage for celiac diets varies, it is not the most critical aspect to emphasize when educating parents of a newly diagnosed child.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Proper dental care for children involves both parents and children. In this scenario, the father acknowledges his role in helping the child develop good oral hygiene habits. Step 2: The father's statement shows understanding that children at this age may not be able to brush their teeth effectively on their own, hence the need for parental assistance. Step 3: By stating that he will encourage his son to brush his teeth after thorough cleaning, the father is promoting proper dental care habits in the child. Step 4: This approach instills the importance of oral hygiene in the child from an early age, setting a foundation for lifelong dental health. Summary: A: Incorrect. Baby teeth are essential for proper speech development, nutrition, and guiding permanent teeth. C: Incorrect. Permanent teeth typically begin to come in around 6 years of age, not 4 to 5. D: Incorrect. Fluoride supplements are important for dental health and should be continued as recommended by the dentist.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Prevent dehydration. Dehydration can exacerbate hypoxia and increase the risk of cerebrovascular accidents in children with cardiac defects. Here's a step-by-step rationale: 1. Dehydration leads to decreased blood volume and thickening of blood, which can impair oxygen delivery to the brain. 2. Maintaining adequate hydration helps in optimizing blood flow and oxygen delivery to the brain, reducing the risk of strokes. 3. Minimizing seizures (choice A) is important, but not directly related to decreasing the risk of strokes. 4. Promoting cardiac output (choice C) is crucial for overall perfusion but does not specifically target the risk of strokes. 5. Reducing energy expenditure (choice D) may be important for conserving energy, but it does not directly address the risk of strokes associated with dehydration.