A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has anemia and a new prescription for epoetin alfa. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypertension is a common adverse effect of this medication. Epoetin alfa is a medication that stimulates red blood cell production, which can lead to an increase in blood pressure. The nurse should educate the client about monitoring blood pressure regularly and reporting any signs of hypertension. Choice B is incorrect because weight loss is not a common effect of epoetin alfa. Choice C is incorrect as hair growth does not increase with this medication. Choice D is incorrect as urine output is not typically affected by epoetin alfa. The key is to focus on the medication's potential adverse effects and educate the client accordingly.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Leflunomide, as it is an immunomodulator that acts by inhibiting pyrimidine synthesis, thereby suppressing the immune response in autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. Methotrexate (B) is an immunosuppressant that inhibits DNA synthesis. Hydroxychloroquine (C) is an antimalarial drug with immunomodulatory effects but is not primarily used for this purpose. Adalimumab (D) is a biologic agent that targets tumor necrosis factor-alpha and is classified as a TNF inhibitor, not an immunomodulator.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Retinal damage. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors like allopurinol can lead to retinal damage, causing vision problems. This is due to the drug's potential to accumulate in the retina. Bone marrow suppression, nausea, and vomiting are not common side effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitors, making them incorrect choices.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because correctly identifying the client prior to a blood transfusion helps prevent a type II hypersensitivity reaction by ensuring compatibility between the donor and recipient blood types. This prevents the recipient's immune system from attacking the transfused blood, which can lead to a reaction. Administering steroids for a positive TB test (choice A) is unrelated to preventing type II hypersensitivity reactions. Keeping the client free of the offending agent (choice C) is more relevant to preventing type IV hypersensitivity reactions. Providing a latex-free environment for the client (choice D) is important for preventing latex allergies, a type I hypersensitivity reaction, not type II.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bone marrow infiltration. When the bone marrow is infiltrated by tumors or other abnormal cells, it impairs the production and release of erythropoietin, leading to decreased erythropoietin response and subsequent anemia. Hypothyroidism (choice A) does not directly affect erythropoietin levels. Myelofibrosis (choice B) is associated with increased erythropoietin levels due to ineffective erythropoiesis. Thalassemia (choice D) is a genetic disorder affecting hemoglobin production, but it does not directly impact erythropoietin response.