Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Petroleum jelly is recommended to prevent the diaper from sticking to the circumcised area, reducing irritation and promoting healing. It should be applied during every diaper change until the site heals.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Early decelerations are typically caused by head compression during contractions, which is a normal response and often indicates that the fetus is descending into the birth canal.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: If routine suctioning with a bulb syringe is ineffective, the next step is to use mechanical suction. This ensures that any obstruction in the airway is cleared. If the newborn's condition does not improve, chest compressions or further interventions may be needed.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: An excessive high-pitched cry is a classic sign of neonatal abstinence syndrome, indicating withdrawal from substances such as methadone. Other signs may include irritability and tremors.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Quickening, or the sensation of fetal movement, is considered a presumptive sign of pregnancy. It is not definitive because other conditions, such as gas or intestinal movement, can mimic the feeling of fetal movement.