A nurse is providing care to a client who comes to the Emergency Department with a very large cut on their leg which is bleeding. The nurse explains that the healthcare team will assist with stopping the bleeding and to assist the body with wound healing. Which of the following responses would be correct for the nurse to share with the client? (Select one that does not apply.)

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because vasodilation widens blood vessels, increasing blood flow and potentially worsening bleeding. Vasoconstriction, as mentioned in option B, would help decrease bleeding by narrowing blood vessels. Option C is correct as the body forms a clot through the process of coagulation. Option D is incorrect as clot formation is not related to immunity. Therefore, the nurse should explain that the body may vasoconstrict to decrease bleeding, not vasodilate as in option A.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increased pulmonary congestion. In mitral stenosis, the narrowing of the mitral valve leads to reduced blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, causing increased pressure in the left atrium and pulmonary veins. This results in pulmonary congestion, leading to symptoms like shortness of breath on exertion. Explanation for incorrect choices: B: Decreased cardiac output - While heart failure can lead to decreased cardiac output, in mitral stenosis, the primary issue is increased pressure in the left atrium, not necessarily decreased cardiac output. C: Peripheral edema - Peripheral edema is more commonly associated with right-sided heart failure rather than mitral stenosis, which primarily affects the left side of the heart. D: Hypotension - Hypotension is not typically expected in mitral stenosis, as the main issue is increased pressure in the left atrium rather than decreased systemic blood pressure.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Iron toxicity. Patients with sickle cell anemia often require frequent blood transfusions, which can lead to iron overload. This excess iron can accumulate in organs such as the liver, heart, and pancreas, causing toxicity. Monitoring for signs of iron toxicity is crucial to prevent organ damage. B: Vitamin B12 deficiency is not typically associated with sickle cell anemia or blood transfusions. C: Hypokalemia is not a common complication of sickle cell anemia or blood transfusions. D: Infection is a risk with blood transfusions, but the question specifically asks about complications related to sickle cell anemia and blood transfusions, making iron toxicity the most relevant concern.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypertension is a common adverse effect of this medication. Epoetin alfa is a medication that stimulates red blood cell production, which can lead to an increase in blood pressure. The nurse should educate the client about monitoring blood pressure regularly and reporting any signs of hypertension. Choice B is incorrect because weight loss is not a common effect of epoetin alfa. Choice C is incorrect as hair growth does not increase with this medication. Choice D is incorrect as urine output is not typically affected by epoetin alfa. The key is to focus on the medication's potential adverse effects and educate the client accordingly.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Diclofenac is a NSAID commonly used for pain relief and inflammation. 2. NSAIDs inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase, reducing inflammation. 3. Celecoxib is a selective NSAID, but not the only true NSAID. 4. Methotrexate is an immunosuppressant used for autoimmune diseases. 5. Leflunomide is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), not an NSAID. Summary: Diclofenac is the correct answer as it is a traditional NSAID that inhibits cyclooxygenase. Celecoxib is a selective NSAID, while Methotrexate and Leflunomide are not categorized as NSAIDs but serve different purposes in treatment.