A nurse is preparing to perform an admission assessment on a patient with COPD. It is most important for the nurse to review which of the following?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: For a COPD admission assessment, reviewing available diagnostic tests is most important, providing objective data on disease severity and guiding care. Tests like spirometry (e.g., FEV1), chest X-rays, or ABGs reveal obstruction extent, hyperinflation, or hypoxemia, informing oxygen needs, medication adjustments, or exacerbation triggers (e.g., infection). Social work assessment aids discharge planning but lacks immediate clinical priority. Insurance coverage is administrative, not affecting initial assessment. Chloride levels relate to cystic fibrosis sweat tests, not COPD's airflow limitation. The nurse's review of diagnostics e.g., a low FEV1 indicating severe obstruction ensures a tailored plan, aligning with evidence-based COPD management to address acute and chronic needs effectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: If a patient can't perform leg exercises correctly despite clear teaching, the nurse should assess for anxiety, pain, or fatigue barriers to learning. Anxiety about surgery may distract, pain may limit movement, and fatigue may sap energy, all common preoperatively. Asking 'why' risks defensiveness and assumes unwillingness, not inability. Delaying practice misses the urgency of preoperative preparation. Reassessing teaching methods is secondary; the issue likely isn't the method but the patient's state. This assessment identifies reversible obstacles, enabling tailored support like pain relief or relaxation techniques to ensure mastery, critical for preventing postoperative clots per safety standards.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: After an anxiolytic, instructing the patient to call for help to use the restroom prevents falls from sedation-induced drowsiness or unsteadiness, a key safety step. Consent should precede medication, as sedation impairs judgment asking now is invalid. Wasting unused meds follows policy but isn't urgent. Notifying the operating suite may occur, but patient safety trumps communication timing. The nurse's instruction raising side rails, placing call light near ensures immediate protection, aligning with preoperative care to mitigate risks from altered consciousness.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Obtaining vital signs post-transport compares them to PACU baselines, monitoring for variations (e.g., hypotension from movement) to ensure stability. It's not just the first assessment step context matters. It's not merely to confirm nurse attention or follow policy, though policies may align. This rationale tracks physiological response, critical for early complication detection (e.g., bleeding), aligning with safe handoff practices between units.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The family is the primary social institution where individuals first learn through observation and imitation, starting from infancy. 'Family,' is correct because children mimic parents' behaviors, language, and habits, as emphasized by Albert Bandura's social learning theory, which highlights modeling as a key learning process. 'Educational Institution,' involves structured learning later in life, often beyond initial imitation stages. 'Peer Group,' influences behavior through interaction but typically follows family influence. 'Reference Group,' refers to aspirational groups one identifies with, not a primary learning context. The family's intimate, early role in shaping behavior through watching and copying—such as a child imitating a parent's speech—distinguishes it as the foundational institution for this type of learning, making C the correct answer, supported by developmental psychology's focus on familial influence.