ATI LPN
Immune System Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is planning the care of a client who requires immunosuppression to ensure engraftment of depleted bone marrow during a transplantation procedure. What is the most important component of infection control in the care of this client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Thorough and consistent hand hygiene. This is essential to prevent the transmission of microorganisms between the client and healthcare providers. Hand hygiene is the most effective measure to reduce the risk of infection in healthcare settings. IVIG (A) is not directly related to infection control. Antibiotic administration (B) is important in treating infections but does not prevent transmission. While appropriate use of gloves and goggles (C) is important, it is not as critical as hand hygiene in preventing infections.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assessing the skin integrity of a client who has AIDS. When performing this inspection, the nurse should prioritize assessment of what skin surfaces.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Perianal region and oral mucosa. In clients with AIDS, these areas are particularly prone to opportunistic infections due to the compromised immune system. The perianal region can be affected by conditions like anal warts or fungal infections, while oral mucosa can develop oral thrush or other oral infections. These areas are also important for early detection and treatment to prevent systemic spread of infections. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not prioritize areas that are more susceptible to infections in clients with AIDS.
Question 3 of 5
A child suspected of having sickle cell disease is seen in a clinic, and laboratory studies are performed. A nurse checks the lab results, knowing that which of the following would be increased in this disease?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Reticulocyte count. In sickle cell disease, there is a chronic hemolytic anemia leading to increased destruction of red blood cells. As a compensatory mechanism, the bone marrow increases production of immature red blood cells called reticulocytes. This results in an elevated reticulocyte count in sickle cell disease. Platelet count (A) is typically not affected in sickle cell disease. Hematocrit level (B) may be decreased due to anemia. Hemoglobin level (D) may also be decreased due to the chronic hemolysis.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following disorders results from a deficiency of factor VIII?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hemophilia A. Factor VIII deficiency is characteristic of Hemophilia A. Factor VIII is crucial for blood clotting, and its deficiency leads to prolonged bleeding. Sickle cell disease (A) is a genetic disorder affecting red blood cells. Christmas disease (B) is another name for Hemophilia B, which results from a deficiency of factor IX, not factor VIII. Therefore, the incorrect choices are A, B, and D.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse devises a teaching plan for the patient with aplastic anemia. Which of the following is the most important concept to teach for health maintenance?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Avoid exposure to others with acute infection Rationale: 1. Patients with aplastic anemia have compromised immune systems. 2. Acute infections can be life-threatening for these patients. 3. Teaching the patient to avoid exposure to infections is crucial for preventing complications. 4. This concept directly relates to health maintenance by reducing the risk of infections. Summary: - Choice A: Nutrition is important but not the most critical for aplastic anemia patients. - Choice C: While stress management is beneficial, infection prevention is more vital for health maintenance. - Choice D: Sleep is essential, but avoiding infections takes precedence for aplastic anemia patients.