ATI LPN
Questions on the Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is performing an admission assessment on a client with stage 3 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). After assessing the client's gastrointestinal system and analyzing the data, which nursing diagnosis is most likely to be the priority?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Diarrhea. For a client with stage 3 HIV, diarrhea is a priority nursing diagnosis due to the increased risk of opportunistic infections and medication side effects causing gastrointestinal disturbances. Diarrhea can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and malnutrition, which can exacerbate the client's condition. Acute abdominal pain (choice A) may be a symptom of an underlying issue, but addressing diarrhea is more crucial in this case. Bowel incontinence (choice C) and constipation (choice D) are not typically associated with stage 3 HIV and are less urgent compared to diarrhea in this scenario.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following blood levels is usually abnormally high in a person with polycythemia vera?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hemoglobin. In polycythemia vera, there is an overproduction of red blood cells, leading to high levels of hemoglobin. This condition is characterized by an increased viscosity of blood. Erythropoietin (B) levels are usually low in polycythemia vera due to the negative feedback mechanism. Sodium (C) and potassium (D) levels are typically not directly affected by polycythemia vera.
Question 3 of 5
A mother asks the nurse if her child's iron deficiency anemia is related to the child's frequent infections. The nurse responds based on the understanding of which of the following?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Children with iron deficiency anemia are more susceptible to infection than are other children. Iron is essential for the immune system function, and its deficiency can weaken the body's ability to fight infections. This is why children with iron deficiency anemia are more prone to infections compared to those without the condition. Choice A is incorrect because studies have shown a clear link between iron-deficiency anemia and increased susceptibility to infections in children. Choice C is incorrect as iron deficiency impairs the immune system, making children more susceptible to infections. Choice D is incorrect as research supports that children with iron deficiency anemia have a higher risk of infections due to compromised immune function.
Question 4 of 5
A newly admitted client has an elevated reticulocyte count. Which disorder does the nurse suspect in this client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hemolytic anemia. An elevated reticulocyte count indicates increased production of red blood cells by the bone marrow in response to their destruction. In hemolytic anemia, red blood cells are being destroyed prematurely, leading to compensatory reticulocytosis. Aplastic anemia (A) is characterized by bone marrow suppression with decreased production of all blood cells, including reticulocytes. An infectious process (C) typically does not cause an elevated reticulocyte count. Leukemia (D) is a disorder of the white blood cells and does not directly impact red blood cell production.
Question 5 of 5
Bone marrow samples are usually taken from which part of the body?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hipbone. Bone marrow samples are typically taken from the hipbone because it contains a rich source of bone marrow cells. The hipbone provides easier access to the bone marrow compared to other bones, making it a common site for bone marrow aspiration. Taking samples from the arm bone, breastbone, or leg bone can be more challenging and less efficient. Therefore, the hipbone is the preferred location for bone marrow extraction due to its accessibility and abundance of bone marrow cells.