A nurse is involved in a situation where the patient's decision conflicts with what the nurse believes is in the patient's best interest. What should the nurse do in this ethical dilemma?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this ethical dilemma, the nurse should respect the patient's autonomy and support their decision, even if it conflicts with the nurse's belief. Respecting patient autonomy is a fundamental ethical principle, and patients have the right to make choices about their own healthcare.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Virtue theory's explicit grounding in the community is one of its strengths because it recognizes that virtues are not solely determined by an individual's personal beliefs or desires, but are shaped and influenced by the values and norms of the community. This recognition allows for a more holistic understanding of virtue ethics, as it acknowledges the importance of the context in shaping moral character. By emphasizing the role of the community, virtue theory promotes a sense of shared responsibility and encourages individuals to consider the impact of their actions on the broader society.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Information about patients is increasingly stored on large electronic databases which may not be secure.' This is a practical obstacle because the potential lack of absolute security in storing patient information on electronic databases can lead to breaches of confidentiality, unlike the number of professionals involved or approved research, which are managed under ethical guidelines.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The teleological theory, also known as consequentialism, focuses on the outcomes or consequences of actions. In the context of industrialized and technological societies, this theory suggests that the political activity and the societal structures should be evaluated based on the overall benefits and results they produce. It emphasizes the importance of achieving desirable outcomes, such as economic growth, technological advancements, and social progress.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In certain situations, it may be necessary to override the truth-telling principle for valid reasons. One such reason is when patients do not wish to know the truth, especially if the news is bad. Respecting the autonomy and emotional well-being of patients is crucial, and if they explicitly express their preference to not be informed about negative outcomes, it may be ethically justifiable to withhold the truth.