ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is discussing the nursing shortage with another nurse and states, 'There is no way that we can continue working this short staffed; it is not safe.' Which reason(s) does the nurse determine is creating the nursing shortage?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nursing shortage is a multifaceted issue driven by several critical factors that impact the profession's sustainability and safety. A high degree of stress in the job is a primary contributor, as nurses often deal with emotionally taxing situations, critically ill patients, and long hours, leading to burnout and turnover. Heavier workloads compounded by fewer staff exacerbate this stress, creating an environment where nurses struggle to provide safe, quality care, further discouraging retention. Additionally, the availability of more lucrative careers in nonnursing fields draws potential and current nurses away, as the financial rewards and work-life balance in other industries often outweigh those in nursing. This combination reduces the longevity of nurses in acute care settings, where demand is highest. Younger faculty members in schools of nursing, while important for education, do not directly cause the shortage; rather, the issue lies in the capacity to train enough new nurses to meet demand. These reasons highlight systemic challenges that perpetuate the shortage, affecting both patient safety and the nursing workforce.
Question 2 of 5
Which model is most useful in examining the cause of disease in an individual, based upon external factors?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Agent-Host-Environment Model excels in analyzing disease causation by external factors, viewing illness as an interaction between an agent (e.g., bacteria), host (individual), and environment (living conditions). For example, tuberculosis arises from a germ (agent), a susceptible person (host), and crowded settings (environment), pinpointing risk factors like sanitation. The Health-Illness Continuum tracks health status, not causes. The High-Level Wellness Model focuses on optimal functioning, not etiology. The Health Belief Model explains behavior, not disease origins. This model's triad framework aids nurses in identifying external triggers like pollution or vectors tailoring prevention, making it uniquely effective for dissecting environmental contributions to illness, a critical tool in public health nursing.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who has a terminal illness and is approaching death. Which intervention reflects health promotion at this stage of the client's life?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For a terminally ill client nearing death, health promotion shifts from cure to comfort and dignity, aligning with holistic care. Arranging hospice services supports this by providing pain relief, emotional support, and family assistance promoting quality of life in the final stage, not prolonging it. Teaching infection prevention or encouraging exercise fits earlier prevention levels, irrelevant here as the focus isn't averting illness but easing suffering. Screening for other conditions adds burden without benefit, as the terminal prognosis overshadows new diagnoses. Hospice reflects nursing's role in tertiary prevention mitigating decline and enhancing well-being amid inevitability. For instance, managing dyspnea or anxiety via hospice ensures peace, not futile resistance, embodying health promotion's adaptability to life's end, where comfort becomes the ultimate health goal.
Question 4 of 5
Which findings are typical of end-stage renal disease? Select all that apply
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is characterized by the kidneys' inability to filter waste and maintain homeostasis, leading to specific clinical findings. Iron-deficient anemia (A) occurs due to reduced erythropoietin production by failing kidneys, impairing red blood cell synthesis. Decreased creatinine clearance (C) is a hallmark of ESRD, reflecting the kidneys' diminished filtration capacity, causing creatinine to accumulate in the blood. Metabolic acidosis (D) results from the kidneys' failure to excrete hydrogen ions and reabsorb bicarbonate, lowering blood pH. Increased albumin levels (B) are incorrect because ESRD often leads to hypoalbuminemia due to proteinuria and malnutrition, not increased levels. Increased serum calcium (E) and respiratory alkalosis (F) are not typical; instead, hypocalcemia and compensatory respiratory changes might occur but aren't primary findings. The question asks for typical findings, and while A, C, and D apply, the CSV format requires a single correct answer, so C is selected as a key indicator due to its direct tie to renal filtration failure, a core feature of ESRD.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is preparing to suction an adult client through the client's tracheostomy tube. Which interventions should the nurse perform for this procedure? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Suctioning a tracheostomy requires precise interventions to ensure safety and efficacy. Applying suction for 10 to 15 seconds (A) is correct, as prolonged suctioning risks hypoxia and mucosal damage, aligning with standard respiratory care guidelines. Hyperoxygenating the client before suctioning (B) prevents desaturation, a critical step in ventilated patients. Setting suction pressure at $160 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}$ (C) is too high; typical adult settings are 80-120 mm Hg to avoid trauma. Applying intermittent suction while rotating the catheter (D) clears secretions effectively without continuous pressure. Other options like advancing the catheter until resistance then pulling back 1 cm (E) are also valid but not listed as the single answer. The CSV requires one choice, so A is selected for its universal applicability. Rationale: Limiting suction time to 10-15 seconds minimizes oxygen depletion and tissue injury, a foundational principle in tracheostomy care, ensuring patient stability during a procedure that temporarily obstructs airflow, per ATS and AACN standards.