A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a client in the clinic. The client states, 'My grandparent always told me that I needed to include milk in my diet so that my muscles would grow.' The information that the client is expressing is known as what?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The client's statement reflects traditional knowledge, passed down through generations within a family or culture, often based on lived experience rather than formal study. Here, the grandparent's advice about milk for muscle growth stems from historical dietary beliefs, not necessarily verified by research. Authoritative knowledge comes from recognized experts, like healthcare providers, grounded in professional experience or evidence. Scientific knowledge arises from systematic research, such as studies proving calcium's role in muscle function. Philosophy explores broader life perceptions, not specific health advice. Traditional knowledge, while valuable for cultural continuity, may lack empirical backing, yet it shapes health beliefs significantly. In nursing, understanding such sources helps tailor education, bridging generational wisdom with evidence-based practice to address client needs holistically and respectfully.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Smoking is a modifiable risk factor, meaning it's a behavior individuals can change to lower illness odds like lung cancer or COPD unlike nonmodifiable factors (e.g., genetics). The nurse's talk highlights this, emphasizing quitting's potential to slash risk, backed by data showing ex-smokers' health improves over time. Primary and secondary aren't risk factor types but prevention levels primary stops disease, secondary detects it. Modifiable factors, like smoking or diet, empower clients via education, a nursing strength. This framing motivates action, showing smoking's harms (e.g., 90% of lung cancer ties) aren't inevitable, aligning with nursing's preventive ethos to reduce modifiable risks and enhance community health through informed choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Tertiary prevention manages existing illness to limit impact, fitting a health fair's broad reach. Referring arthritis clients to physical therapy helps maintain joint function and ease pain post-diagnosis care to reduce disability, a nursing focus for chronic conditions. Teaching bicycle safety is primary, preventing injuries. Screening cholesterol is secondary, detecting risks early. Flu shot education is primary, averting illness onset. Physical therapy referral targets those already affected arthritis affects mobility, and therapy cuts stiffness, per research making it tertiary. This strategy suits community nursing, connecting clients to resources that sustain health despite disease, ensuring the fair addresses all prevention levels while spotlighting rehabilitation's role in long-term wellness.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Localized edema with pain (B) requires follow-up, indicating inflammation or injury. Ecchymosis (A) is bruising, less urgent unless severe. Rationale: Pain with edema suggests underlying issues like infection or thrombosis, needing prompt assessment per nursing triage principles.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Red blood from a tracheostomy post-laryngectomy suggests bleeding; notifying the RN (A) is the priority for escalation. Suctioning (B) or moisture (C) doesn't address the cause. Documentation (D) follows. A is correct. Rationale: Bleeding may indicate hemorrhage, requiring RN assessment and intervention, per scope of practice and emergency protocols.