A nurse is developing the teaching portion of a care plan for a patient with COPD. What would be the most important component for the nurse to emphasize?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The most important teaching component for a COPD patient is that chronic inhalation of indoor toxins (e.g., smoke, dust, chemicals) can cause lung damage, exacerbating airway obstruction and alveolar destruction. This environmental factor, alongside smoking, drives COPD progression by triggering inflammation and oxidative stress, worsening FEV1 decline. Allowing any smoking e.g., half a pack weekly contradicts cessation's necessity, as even minimal exposure sustains damage. Minor infections aren't self-limited in COPD; they disrupt fragile lung function, requiring prompt treatment to prevent exacerbations. Clustering ADLs in the morning ignores energy conservation needs pacing throughout the day reduces dyspnea. The nurse's emphasis on avoiding indoor toxins empowers the patient to control modifiable risks, complementing smoking cessation and medication, critical for slowing COPD's irreversible course.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: An emergency procedure is required immediately to save life or preserve function, as with profuse postoperative bleeding necessitating urgent return to the operating room to control hemorrhage. This life-threatening situation distinguishes it from elective procedures, chosen by patients for non-essential issues like cosmetic surgery, or urgent ones, needed for health but not immediate survival, such as tumor excision. Major procedures involve extensive reconstruction, like coronary bypass, but aren't defined by urgency. The rapid intervention here prevents hypovolemic shock or organ damage, reflecting the critical nature of emergency classification. The nurse's recognition ensures swift coordination, highlighting the priority of stabilizing the patient over less acute classifications, per surgical standards.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Explaining that coughing won't harm the incision if done correctly with splinting reassures the patient, encouraging effective coughing to clear mucus trapped by anesthesia's suppression of reflexes. This reduces atelectasis risk without fear of wound damage. Warning of pneumonia, while true, sounds threatening and less therapeutic. Coughing clears mucus, not anesthesia (metabolized by the body), so that's inaccurate. Limiting coughs to ‘a few times' underestimates the need every 2 hours is standard. This positive, accurate encouragement boosts compliance, ensuring respiratory health while protecting surgical integrity, per evidence-based recovery practices.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The circulating nurse, a registered nurse, primarily establishes and implements the care plan intraoperatively, coordinating preoperative assessments, intraoperative needs, and postoperative continuity. This role oversees patient safety, advocacy, and resource management, distinct from the scrub nurse's tasks maintaining sterile fields, applying drapes, and handing instruments which focus on technical support. The circulator's broader responsibility ensures holistic care, like verifying consents or allergies, adapting to complications, and documenting, aligning with perioperative nursing's comprehensive scope to protect patient well-being throughout surgery.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Socialization is the lifelong process through which individuals learn the norms, values, and behaviors necessary to function within their society. The family is universally recognized as the primary agent of socialization because it is the first social environment a person encounters, starting at birth. It lays the foundation for language, cultural practices, and interpersonal relationships, shaping an individual's identity before external influences take hold. Sociological theories, such as Talcott Parsons' functionalism, emphasize the family's critical role in early socialization, making 'Family,' the correct answer. 'Society,' is too vague, as it includes all agents rather than pinpointing the primary one. 'Religious centre,' and 'Social centre,' represent secondary agents that influence socialization later in life and are not universally experienced by all individuals from the outset. For instance, not everyone attends religious or social centers, but everyone begins within a family unit (biological or otherwise). The family's primacy stems from its immediacy and intimacy, providing the initial framework that other agents build upon, thus justifying A as the definitive answer.