ATI LPN
Quiz Questions Hematologic System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is developing a plan of care for 5-year-old child with a diagnosis of sickle cell anemia and formulates the following nursing diagnoses. The nurse should select which nursing diagnosis as the priority?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Deficient Fluid Volume. For a child with sickle cell anemia, dehydration can lead to sickling of red blood cells, causing pain crises. Addressing fluid volume deficit is crucial to prevent complications. Activity Intolerance (A) may result from anemia but is secondary to fluid volume deficit. Disabled Family Coping (C) and Imbalanced Nutrition (D) are important but not as urgent as addressing fluid volume deficit to prevent acute complications.
Question 2 of 5
A client diagnosed with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is currently bleeding through the gastrointestinal tract. Which prescription does the nurse anticipate for this client?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: In DIC, there is widespread clotting depleting clotting factors and platelets, leading to bleeding. Fresh frozen plasma and platelets are indicated to replenish these factors. Aspirin and Coumadin are anticoagulants and would worsen bleeding. Heparin is also an anticoagulant and not indicated in active bleeding.
Question 3 of 5
The antiemetic drug ondansetron (Zofran) is administered to a child receiving chemotherapy. When should the nurse administer this medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Ondansetron is a prophylactic antiemetic used to prevent nausea and vomiting. 2. Administering before chemotherapy helps to pre-emptively control symptoms. 3. By giving it before, the drug can reach peak effectiveness when chemotherapy-induced nausea is most likely to occur. 4. Administering after or only if nausea occurs may not provide optimal prevention. 5. Choice D is incorrect as ondansetron is effective for controlling chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse would prepare the parents of a child with suspected leukemia for which of the following tests that would confirm this diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bone marrow aspiration. Leukemia is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow, so bone marrow aspiration is the definitive test to confirm the diagnosis. It allows for the examination of the bone marrow cells to identify abnormal cells characteristic of leukemia. A: Lumbar puncture is used to assess the cerebrospinal fluid and is not specific for leukemia diagnosis. C: Complete blood count with differential can show abnormalities, but bone marrow aspiration is needed for a definitive diagnosis. D: Blood culture is used to detect infections, not leukemia. In summary, bone marrow aspiration is the most direct and accurate test for confirming leukemia, as it provides a detailed analysis of the bone marrow cells.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is taking care of a school-age child with acute glomerulonephritis who is taking potassium-sparing diuretics. The nurse anticipates discussing the diet with the child and his parents. The diet should include:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: A sodium restriction. In acute glomerulonephritis, the kidneys are not effectively filtering out waste, leading to fluid retention and high blood pressure. Potassium-sparing diuretics help the kidneys remove excess fluid and sodium, so a sodium restriction is necessary to prevent fluid buildup and maintain electrolyte balance. Potassium-rich foods (choice A) should be limited due to the risk of hyperkalemia with potassium-sparing diuretics. Foods low in cholesterol (choice B) are not specifically indicated for acute glomerulonephritis. An increase in calories (choice C) is not necessary for this condition and may lead to weight gain, complicating management.