ATI LPN
Nursing Fundamental Physical Assessment LPN Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is developing a foreground question for nursing research using the PICO model. Which component would be represented by the statement, 'a 45-year-old client with coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation'?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The PICO model structures research questions for clarity, with 'P' standing for Population or Problem, identifying who or what is being studied. The statement 'a 45-year-old client with coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation' defines the specific group middle-aged adults with these cardiac conditions setting the scope of the inquiry. 'I' (Intervention) would detail the action, like a new treatment, while 'C' (Comparison) might be standard care, and 'O' (Outcome) the expected result, such as reduced arrhythmias. Here, the client description anchors the question, enabling the nurse to explore targeted interventions or outcomes relevant to this population. This precision ensures research addresses real-world nursing challenges, yielding applicable findings for similar clients in practice.
Question 2 of 5
A client asks a nurse to explain the focus of Healthy People 2030. Which information should the nurse include in the response?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Healthy People 2030 aims to improve health across the U.S. by setting clear, actionable goals. The nurse should explain that a key focus is to eliminate health disparities, ensuring equitable care for all groups regardless of race, income, or location addressing gaps like higher diabetes rates in underserved communities. Increasing access to preventive services, such as vaccinations or screenings, supports early intervention, reducing disease burden. Promoting healthy behaviors, like exercise or quitting smoking, empowers individuals to take charge of their wellness, preventing chronic conditions. While more providers could help, it's not a core goal focus is on system-wide equity and prevention. This initiative guides nursing to advocate for fairness, educate on lifestyle, and link clients to services, tackling root causes of poor health outcomes. For example, reducing disparities might mean better prenatal care access for rural women, aligning with nursing's mission to uplift vulnerable populations through targeted, evidence-based strategies.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who has a strong family history of colon cancer. Which nursing intervention reflects secondary prevention?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Secondary prevention detects disease early, crucial for a client with a colon cancer family history. Screening via colonoscopy recommended from age 45 or earlier with risk spots polyps or cancer before symptoms, enabling removal or treatment, a nursing-coordinated action. High-fiber diet and smoking cessation are primary, preventing onset, not detecting. Genetic counseling assesses risk but isn't screening. Colonoscopy's precision cutting mortality by catching 60-70% of cancers early, per research makes it secondary prevention's gold standard here. Nursing ensures this high-risk client gets timely testing, aligning with prevention's focus on preemptive action, leveraging family history to avert late-stage diagnosis in a community or clinic setting.
Question 4 of 5
The low-pressure alarm sounds on the ventilator. The nurse checks the client and then attempts to determine the cause of the alarm but is unsuccessful. Which initial action should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A low-pressure ventilator alarm suggests disconnection or leak; manual ventilation (B) ensures oxygenation. Rationale: Manual bagging maintains airway support while troubleshooting, per respiratory care standards.
Question 5 of 5
A client with an oral endotracheal tube attached to a mechanical ventilator is about to begin the weaning process. The nurse asks the health care provider whether this process should be delayed temporarily, based on administration of which medication to the client in the last hour?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lorazepam (A), a sedative, may delay weaning by depressing respiratory drive. Furosemide (B), digoxin (C), and metoclopramide (D) don't directly affect this. A is correct. Rationale: Sedation impairs spontaneous breathing, critical for weaning, per ventilator management protocols.